Advances in amyloid beta oligomer detection applications in Alzheimer's disease

Recent Advances in the Detection of Antibiotic and Multi-Drug Resistant Salmonella: An Update

“…Depending on the application (microbiology or biological), many definitions of a biosensor have been reported in the literature [ 68 , 69 ]. According to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, a biosensor is an integrated receptor (protein or DNA) transducer device capable of providing specific quantitative or qualitative information via a biological recognition element (BRE).…”

“…), which are converted into a measurable signal by the transduction element; these are then relayed to and recorded by an electronic meter or visually (coloration) identified by the subject. Figure reproduced with permission from Elsevier [ 68 ].…”

Clinically oriented Alzheimer's biosensors: expanding the horizons towards point-of-care diagnostics and beyond

“…Its imaging quality depends on several factors such as the instrument resolution, the ability of contrast agent to surpass blood-brain barrier (BBB), its specicity towards Ab diffuse, core, and intermediate plaques species. [50][51][52] In general, the use of neurological imaging has been limited within community owing to the high analytical cost and operational, and a poor understanding of amyloid burden relationship with cognitive dysfunction. 51,[53][54][55][56] Instead, immunoassay method (i.e., enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)) has been a plausible choice for the clinical diagnosis of Ab.…”

“…ELISA is the gold standard immunoassay for CSF Ab (42) detection and is the most frequently used diagnostic method in AD. 36,52,57,58 Tremendous studies have reported the ELISA application in detecting Ab levels in CSF, human plasma, and serum samples. [59][60][61][62][63][64] Numerous lab-based ELISA kits have now been available in the market with the detection range of 10 to 1000 pg mL À1 and procient of discriminating AD patients with healthy control with good sensitivity (80%) and moderate specicity (83.3%).…”

“…[59][60][61][62][63][64] Numerous lab-based ELISA kits have now been available in the market with the detection range of 10 to 1000 pg mL À1 and procient of discriminating AD patients with healthy control with good sensitivity (80%) and moderate specicity (83.3%). 52,65 In spite of time-consuming and laborious issues of traditional ELISA, the alternative ELISA kits have been widely developed for amyloid detection, which include paper-based ELISA 63 and digital ELISA. 66,67 Both of them are cost-effective, easy to operate, and portable and thus suitable for POC diagnostic approach.…”