Advancements in Pharmacotherapy for Noncancerous Manifestations of HPV

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease. Via infection of the basal epithelial cells, HPV causes numerous malignancies and noncancerous cutaneous manifestations. Noncancerous cutaneous manifestations of HPV, including common, plantar, plane, and anogenital warts, are among the most common reasons for an office visit. Although there are various therapies available, they are notoriously difficult to treat. HPV treatments can be grouped into destructive (cantharidin, salicylic acid), virucidal (cidofovir, interferon-α), antimitotic (bleomycin, podophyllotoxin, 5-fluorouracil), immunotherapy (Candida antigen, contact allergen immunotherapy, imiquimod) or miscellaneous (trichloroacetic acid, polyphenon E). The mechanism of action, recent efficacy data, safety profile and recommended regimen for each of these treatment modalities is discussed.

Evaluation of intralesional injection of bleomycin in the treatment of plantar warts: clinical and dermoscopic evaluation

“…Candida antigen, contact allergen immunotherapy, imiquimod), or miscellaneous (e.g. trichloroacetic acid, polyphenon E) …”

“…trichloroacetic acid, polyphenon E). 11 Bleomycin is derived from 'Streptomyces verticillus' and has antitumor, antiviral, and antibacterial activities related to its ability to bind DNA and cause strand scission. Since the 1970s, numerous reports have been published on the use of intralesional bleomycin for the treatment of warts, with cure rates ranging from 14 to 99%.…”

Efficacy of intralesional immunotherapy for the treatment of warts: A review of the literature

“…Topical therapies require frequent treatment applications but are more tolerable to patients. Salicylic acid has cure rates around 75%, but must be applied 2–3 times per day for up to 12 weeks . Imiquimod is generally applied three times per week and has cure rates of about 44% .…”

A Solanum incanum extract (SR-T100) regresses vulvar condyloma acuminatum and induces distinct autophagic and apoptotic responses in different types of HPV-infected cells

“…Low-risk (LR) HPVs predominate, with a prevalence of 89%, and the most prevalent genotypes are 6 and 11, followed by other high-risk (HR) HPV types [2]. Patient-applied home use medications for EGW include imiquimod, polyphenon E (green tea extracts), and podofilox (a purified podophyllin), which may produce skin erosions and burning in the majority of patients [23].…”