Advancements in Microfabricated Gas Sensors and Microanalytical Tools for the Sensitive and Selective Detection of Odors

Ollé, Enric Perarnau; Farré-Lladós, Josep; Casals‐Terré, Jasmina

doi:10.3390/s20195478

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 265 publications

(343 reference statements)

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“…Also, as sound waves are less dispersed in tissue than photons, MPI can overcome the limitations of traditional optical images. Some MPI methods have been developed to obtain images of biological tissues such as MPI using endogenous chromophores like hemoglobin, melanin, water or lipids 24 , MPI using dyes 25 , MPI with nanostructures like silver nanoplates 23 , and molecular photoacoustic contrast agents (MPCA) 26 . The use of the different contrast agents will depend on the depth you want to reach at the study time.…”

Section: Methods For Mpi Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging

Cepeda

Narváez

2021

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Medicine has gone through several challenges to make it much more accurate and thus prolong the human being's life. A large part of this challenge is diseased, so early detection can help carry out treatment on time. There is a technology that allows detecting an abnormality within the body without using an invasive method. Ultrasound is a diagnostic test used to scan organs and tissues through sound waves. Although this technique has been widely used, the results are not desired because the images generated are not high resolution. On the other hand, X-rays are used because it presents an image with a much higher resolution than other techniques based on light waves or ultrasound; despite this, they are harmful to cells. In consequence of this problem, another method called molecular photoacoustic imaging has been implemented. This technique bridges the traditional depth limits of ballistic optical imaging and diffuse optical imaging's resolution limits, using the acoustic waves generated in response to laser light absorption, which has now shown potential for molecular imaging, allowing the visualization of biological processes in a non-invasive way. The purpose of this article is to give a critically scoped review of the physical, chemical, and biochemical characteristics of existing photoacoustic contrast agents, highlighting the pivotal applications and current challenges for molecular photoacoustic imaging.

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Section: Methods For Mpi Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging

Cepeda

Narváez

2021

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“…A basic sensor then transduces 1 of these quantities into an observable, e.g., resistance (DR), capacitance (DC), or resonance frequency (Df) changes of an electronic device, which is integrated into an electronic circuit generating the sensors' overall output signal. sensors that measure observables that are affected by a chemical interaction (52,(490)(491)(492). There are few available observables; among them, the most exploited are electric potential, conductivity, mass, and optical properties (absorption and/or emission spectra).…”

Section: Chemical Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems

Manzini

Schild

Natale

2022

Physiological Reviews

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The biological olfactory system is the sensory system responsible for the detection of the chemical composition of the environment. Several attempts to mimic biological olfactory systems have led to various artificial olfactory systems using different technical approaches. Here we provide a parallel description of biological olfactory systems and their technical counterparts. We start with a presentation of the input to the systems, the stimuli, and treat the interface between the external world and the environment where receptor neurons or artificial chemosensors reside. We then delineate the functions of receptor neurons and chemosensors as well as their overall I-O relationships. Up to this point, our account of the systems goes along similar lines. The next processing steps differ considerably: while in biology the processing step following the receptor neurons is the "integration" and "processing" of receptor neuron outputs in the olfactory bulb, this step has various realizations in electronic noses. For a long period of time, the signal processing stages beyond the olfactory bulb, i.e., the higher olfactory centers were little studied. Only recently there has been a marked growth of studies tackling the information processing in these centers. In electronic noses, a third stage of processing has virtually never been considered. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of both fields and, for the first time, attempt to tie them together. We hope it will be a breeding ground for better information, communication, and data exchange between very related but so far little connected fields.

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“…Detection and identification of volatile compounds in remote locations for air quality monitoring are crucial to establish and enforce environmental policies on greenhouse emission or provide early warning for dangerous air-borne agents. To enable these applications, gas sensors must not only feature high sensitivity and selectivity to specific molecules, but also have practical in-field characteristics, such as being compact, light-weight, deployable, and low cost [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. One strategy consists of miniaturizing the design of gas sensing technologies first developed in research in laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drone-Mountable Gas Sensing Platform Using Graphene Chemiresistors for Remote In-Field Monitoring

Park

Jumu

Power

et al. 2022

Sensors

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We present the design, fabrication, and testing of a drone-mountable gas sensing platform for environmental monitoring applications. An array of graphene-based field-effect transistors in combination with commercial humidity and temperature sensors are used to relay information by wireless communication about the presence of airborne chemicals. We show that the design, based on an ESP32 microcontroller combined with a 32-bit analog-to-digital converter, can be used to achieve an electronic response similar, within a factor of two, to state-of-the-art laboratory monitoring equipment. The sensing platform is then mounted on a drone to conduct field tests, on the ground and in flight. During these tests, we demonstrate a one order of magnitude reduction in environmental noise by reducing contributions from humidity and temperature fluctuations, which are monitored in real-time with a commercial sensor integrated to the sensing platform. The sensing device is controlled by a mobile application and uses LoRaWAN, a low-power, wide-area networking protocol, for real-time data transmission to the cloud, compatible with Internet of Things (IoT) applications.

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Advancements in Microfabricated Gas Sensors and Microanalytical Tools for the Sensitive and Selective Detection of Odors

Cited by 28 publications

References 265 publications

Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging

Molecular Photoacoustic Imaging

Principles of odor coding in vertebrates and artificial chemosensory systems

Drone-Mountable Gas Sensing Platform Using Graphene Chemiresistors for Remote In-Field Monitoring

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