Advancements in Biosensors Based on the Assembles of Small Organic Molecules and Peptides

Abstract

Over the past few decades, molecular self-assembly has witnessed tremendous progress in a variety of biosensing and biomedical applications. In particular, self-assembled nanostructures of small organic molecules and peptides with intriguing characteristics (e.g., structure tailoring, facile processability, and excellent biocompatibility) have shown outstanding potential in the development of various biosensors. In this review, we introduced the unique properties of self-assembled nanostructures with small organic molecules and peptides for biosensing applications. We first discussed the applications of such nanostructures in electrochemical biosensors as electrode supports for enzymes and cells and as signal labels with a large number of electroactive units for signal amplification. Secondly, the utilization of fluorescent nanomaterials by self-assembled dyes or peptides was introduced. Thereinto, typical examples based on target-responsive aggregation-induced emission and decomposition-induced fluorescent enhancement were discussed. Finally, the applications of self-assembled nanomaterials in the colorimetric assays were summarized. We also briefly addressed the challenges and future prospects of biosensors based on self-assembled nanostructures.

Affinity Peptide-Tethered Suspension Hydrogel Sensor for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Influenza Virus

“…This trend continues until a saturation point is reached, usually around 35 μM, where most of the binding sites are occupied. At higher peptide concentrations, particularly beyond 50 μM, the presence of a high density of peptide molecules can promote peptide–peptide interactions. , These interactions can cause steric hindrance or aggregation of the peptides, resulting in reduced access to binding sites on the hydrogel. In summary, to preclude the nonspecific interaction and make the peptide-hydrogel fluorescent sensor more sensitive, 10% PEG 6 kDa and 35 μM BP4 were selected for subsequent experiments.…”

Recent Advances in the Development of Biomimetic Materials

“…Gelain and co-workers reported an in vivo study of biomimetic electrospun SAP micro-channels suitable to support NSC transplant in spinal cord injury [121]. Important results in the field of SAPs as biomaterials are emerging for cancer therapy [122,123], as immunomodulatory agents [124], and against antibiotic resistance [125], as well as for tissue regeneration, drug delivery [126], sensing [127,128], 3D printing [129], and nanomedicine [130][131][132]. protofilaments of microtubule assemble playing fundamental roles in eukaryotic cells [134,135].…”