Advancements and Opportunities for On-Board 700 Bar Compressed Hydrogen Tanks in the Progression Towards the Commercialization of Fuel Cell Vehicles

Johnson, Kenneth I.; Veenstra, Michael; Gotthold, D.; Simmons, Kevin L.; Alvine, Kyle J.; Hobein, Bert; Houston, D.H.; Newhouse, Norman L.; Yeggy, Brian; Vaipan, Alex; Steinhausler, Thomas; Rau, Anand

doi:10.4271/2017-01-1183

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Having recognizing these challenges, the US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Fuel Cell Technologies [147] initiated a project for the design and development of hydrogen tanks. The project took steps to improve the performance of hydrogen tanks by investigating alternatives for the matrix resin, carbon fiber and the shape of the tank design [148]. However, in the resin alternative, they did not consider the thermoplastic resin which is environmentally friendly and also helps in reducing the manufacturing cycle.…”

Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Industrial Perspectives and Challenges on Material, Manufacturing, Design and Development of Compressed Hydrogen Storage Tanks for the Transportation Sector

et al. 2022

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Hydrogen fuel cell technology is securing a place in the future of advanced mobility and the energy revolution, as engineers explore multiple paths in the quest for decarbonization. The feasibility of hydrogen-based fuel cell vehicles particularly relies on the development of safe, lightweight and cost-competitive solutions for hydrogen storage. After the demonstration of hundreds of prototype vehicles, today, commercial hydrogen tanks are in the first stages of market introduction, adopting configurations that use composite materials. However, production rates remain low and costs high. This paper intends to provide an insight into the evolving scenario of solutions for hydrogen storage in the transportation sector. Current applications in different sectors of transport are covered, focusing on their individual requirements. Furthermore, this work addresses the efforts to produce economically attractive composite tanks, discussing the challenges surrounding material choices and manufacturing practices, as well as cutting-edge trends pursued by research and development teams. Key issues in the design and analysis of hydrogen tanks are also discussed. Finally, testing and certification requirements are debated once they play a vital role in industry acceptance.

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Section: Generalmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Industrial Perspectives and Challenges on Material, Manufacturing, Design and Development of Compressed Hydrogen Storage Tanks for the Transportation Sector

et al. 2022

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“…The main obstacle to its use is the low density of the gas. This necessitates high-pressure storage or cryogenic solutions, as described by Johnson et al [348]. Despite tank pressures of 700 bar and the increased efficiency of fuel cells in comparison to ICE, particularly in part-load conditions, hydrogen tank volumes are typically four times larger for a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV) in comparison to gasoline fuel tanks of an ICE vehicle of a similar range.…”

Section: The 2010s: Aggressive Co 2 Targets Electrification and Downs...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Knock: A Century of Research

Corrigan¹,

Fontanesi²

2021

SAE Int. J. Engines

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Knock is one of the main limitations on increasing spark-ignition (SI) engine efficiency. This has been known for at least 100 years, and it is still the case today. Knock occurs when conditions ahead of the flame front in an SI engine result in one or more autoignition events in the end gas. The autoignition reaction rate is typically much higher than that of the flame-front propagation. This may lead to the creation of pressure waves in the combustion chamber and, hence, an undesirable noise that gives knock its name. The resulting increased mechanical and thermal loading on engine components may eventually lead to engine failure. Reducing the compression ratio lowers end-gas temperatures and pressures, reducing end-gas reactivity and, hence, mitigating knock. However, this has a detrimental effect on engine efficiency.Automotive companies must significantly reduce their fleet carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) values in the coming years to meet targets resulting from the 2015 Paris Agreement. One path towards meeting these is through partial or full electrification of the powertrain. However, the vast majority of automobiles in the near future will still feature a gasoline-fueled SI engine; hence, improvements in combustion engine efficiency remain fundamental.As knock has been a key limitation for so long, there is a huge amount of literature on the subject. A number of reviews on knock have already been published, including in recent years. These generally concentrate on current understanding and status. The present work, in contrast, aims to track the progress of research on knock from the 1920s right through to the present day. It is hoped that this can be a useful reference for new and existing researchers of the subject and give further weight to occasionally neglected historical activity, which can still provide important insights today.

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“…The stack provides the entire power to propel the car and drive the air supply system. In each case, the air supply system has been optimised to reach the highest system electric efficiency, and thus it has the highest driving range with a 5.6-kg hydrogen storage tank [40]. Both stacks operate with a constant 3 bar pressure for the hydrogen supply system and operate at 80 • C. The overall model layout of the FCV is provided in Figure A3 in the appendices.…”

Section: Pemfc Powertrain Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Evaluation of Turbocharging and Supercharging Options for High-Efficiency Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

et al. 2018

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Mass-produced, off-the-shelf automotive air compressors cannot be directly used for boosting a fuel cell vehicle (FCV) application in the same way that they are used in internal combustion engines, since the requirements are different. These include a high pressure ratio, a low mass flow rate, a high efficiency requirement, and a compact size. From the established fuel cell types, the most promising for application in passenger cars or light commercial vehicle applications is the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), operating at around 80 °C. In this case, an electric-assisted turbocharger (E-turbocharger) and electric supercharger (single or two-stage) are more suitable than screw and scroll compressors. In order to determine which type of these boosting options is the most suitable for FCV application and assess their individual merits, a co-simulation of FCV powertrains between GT-SUITE and MATLAB/SIMULINK is realised to compare vehicle performance on the Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) driving cycle. The results showed that the vehicle equipped with an E-turbocharger had higher performance than the vehicle equipped with a two-stage compressor in the aspects of electric system efficiency (+1.6%) and driving range (+3.7%); however, for the same maximal output power, the vehicle’s stack was 12.5% heavier and larger. Then, due to the existence of the turbine, the E-turbocharger led to higher performance than the single-stage compressor for the same stack size. The solid oxide fuel cell is also promising for transportation application, especially for a use as range extender. The results show that a 24-kWh electric vehicle can increase its driving range by 252% due to a 5 kW solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack and a gas turbine recovery system. The WLTP driving range depends on the charge cycle, but with a pure hydrogen tank of 6.2 kg, the vehicle can reach more than 600 km.

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Advancements and Opportunities for On-Board 700 Bar Compressed Hydrogen Tanks in the Progression Towards the Commercialization of Fuel Cell Vehicles

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

A Review on Industrial Perspectives and Challenges on Material, Manufacturing, Design and Development of Compressed Hydrogen Storage Tanks for the Transportation Sector

A Review on Industrial Perspectives and Challenges on Material, Manufacturing, Design and Development of Compressed Hydrogen Storage Tanks for the Transportation Sector

Knock: A Century of Research

An Evaluation of Turbocharging and Supercharging Options for High-Efficiency Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles

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