Advanced triboelectric materials for liquid energy harvesting and emerging application

A New Reversible Thermosensitive Liquid–Solid TENG Based on a P(NIPAM‐MMA) Copolymer for Triboelectricity Regulation and Temperature Monitoring

“…In general, a large contact angle tends to appear on a surface with high surface tension or low viscosity liquid. [ 39 ] As we know, the surface tension of water (72 mN m −1 ) is larger than ethylene glycol (48 mN m −1 ), and the viscosity of water (0.9 mPa s) is smaller than ethylene glycol (16.1 mPa s), therefore a larger water CA on PNM surface was achieved compared with glycol. Besides, the hydrophobic surface facilitates rapid separation from liquid and accumulation of triboelectric charges on the PNM surface, thus triboelectrification of L–S TENG are proportional to the surface tension of the liquid and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the liquid.…”

“…Theoretically, the hydrophobic surface facilitates rapid separation from water and is conducive to the accumulation of triboelectric charges on the PNM surface. [39][40][41] Thus, PNM-based L-S TENGs are expected to exhibit higher outputs at higher temperatures. Based on this, the PNMbased L-S TENG device (shown in Figure 1d; and Figure S2, Supporting Information) was assembled and designed to obtain the temperature control of triboelectric outputs.…”

In Situ Nanofluid Dispersion Monitoring by Liquid–Solid Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Tuning the Structure of the Electric Double Layer

“…The FEP is selected as the triboelectric material for the excellent electronegativity, favorable flexibility, and hydrophobic characteristics. [35,36] The LS-TENG is mounted on a base of an acrylic plate with double-crossed acrylic spokes supporting its inner periphery to hold the stability under operations. As the LS-TENG expanded in Figure 1b, the cross-sectional view of solution with nanoparticles can be clearly observed.…”

Spheres Multiple Physical Network‐Based Triboelectric Materials for Self‐Powered Contactless Sensing

“…Using this method, fiber films with various structures can be obtained without additional post‐processing, which provides a new solution for the development of triboelectric materials with high charge density. Meanwhile, the surface charge density and charge capture capacity mainly determine the output performance of triboelectric materials, [ 7–11 ] and selecting appropriate triboelectric materials is the most effective way to fundamentally improve the output performance, [ 12–17 ] so it is extremely urgent to develop triboelectric materials with high charge density. [ 18–21 ]…”

“…Using this method, fiber films with various structures can be obtained without additional post-processing, which provides a new solution for the development of triboelectric materials with high charge density. Meanwhile, the surface charge density and charge capture capacity mainly determine the output performance of triboelectric materials, [7][8][9][10][11] and selecting appropriate triboelectric materials is the most effective way to fundamentally improve the output performance, [12][13][14][15][16][17] so it is extremely urgent to develop triboelectric materials with high charge density. [18][19][20][21] Recently, MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) has been widely used in triboelectric materials and TENG applications due to its high electronegativity, good conductivity, and high charge capture ability, which greatly improves the output performance of TENG.…”