Advanced technologies for satellite navigation and geodesy

Giorgi, Gabriele; Schmidt, Tobias D.; Trainotti, Christian; Calvo, Ramon Mata; Fuchs, Christian; Hoque, Mainul; Berdermann, Jens; Furthner, Johann; Günther, Christoph; Schuldt, Thilo; Sanjuán, Josep; Gohlke, Martin; Oswald, Markus; Braxmaier, Claus; Balidakis, Kyriakos; Dick, Galina; Flechtner, Frank; Ge, Maorong; Glaser, Susanne; König, Rolf; Michalak, Grzegorz; Murböck, Michael; Semmling, Maximilian; Schuh, Harald

doi:10.1016/j.asr.2019.06.010

Cited by 62 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…The required fractional stability and the frequency range of interest are diverse and span from values close to (in units of the square root of the power spectral density, PSD) 10 −17 Hz −1/2 at short time scales in atomic clocks [1][2][3][4][5][6] to 10 −13 Hz −1/2 at long time scales in space based laser interferometers such as the future gravitational wave detector LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) [7], the LRI (Laser Ranging Interferometer) on GRACE Follow-On (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On) [8,9] and the next generation of gravity field missions [10]. Applications in future GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) concepts [11,12] will also benefit from optical cavities exhibiting stability levels in the 10 −15 Hz −1/2 range at time scales of seconds. Highstability frequency references are also key elements for tests of fundamental physics such as detection of violations of Lorentz invariance [13][14][15] through Michelson-Morley (MM) [16,17] and Kennedy-Thorndike (KT) [18,19] experiments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term stable optical cavity for special relativity tests in space

et al. 2019

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BOOST (BOOst Symmetry Test) is a proposed space mission to search for Lorentz invariance violations and aims to improve the Kennedy-Thorndike parameter constraint by two orders of magnitude. The mission consists of comparing two optical frequency references of different nature, an optical cavity and a hyperfine transition in molecular iodine, in a low Earth orbit. Naturally, the stability of the frequency references at the orbit period of 5400 s (f =0.18 mHz) is essential for the mission success. Here we present our experimental efforts to achieve the required fractional frequency stability of 7.4 × 10 −14 Hz −1/2 at 0.18 mHz (in units of the square root of the power spectral density), using a high-finesse optical cavity. We have demonstrated a frequency stability of (9 ± 3) × 10 −14 Hz −1/2 at 0.18 mHz, which corresponds to an Allan deviation of 10 −14 at 5400 s. A thorough noise source breakdown is presented, which allows us to identify the critical aspects to consider for a future space-qualified optical cavity for BOOST. The major noise contributor at sub-milli-Hertz frequency was related to intensity fluctuations, followed by thermal noise and beam pointing. Other noise sources had a negligible effect on the frequency stability, including temperature fluctuations, which were strongly attenuated by a five-layer thermal shield.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term stable optical cavity for special relativity tests in space

et al. 2019

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“…Due to system-specific characteristics, e.g., the necessary estimation of epoch-wise satellite clocks, and remaining orbital model uncertainties, e.g., of the solar radiation pressure, GNSS do currently not contribute to the origin and scale realization of ITRF2014 but it might become possible in the future. A future GNSS constellation "Kepler" is proposed by the German Aerospace Center DLR featuring in addition to a Galileo-like MEO-only constellation, six LEO satellites in two polar planes as well as precise optical ISL and optical frequency references (Giorgi et al 2019b). Since the accuracy requirements of GGOS on global TRFs have not been achieved yet, it is worth investigating the impact of the proposed Kepler constellation on the origin and scale realization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The future GNSS constellation Kepler is characterized by the innovative features of two-way optical inter-satellite links (ISL) and optical frequency references. This effort is related to the Helmholtz funded project called ADVANTAGE 2 (Advanced Technologies for Navigation and Geodesy, Giorgi et al 2019b) which is a joint effort of the German Aerospace Center DLR and the German Research Center for Geosciences GFZ. The overall project goal is to establish an architecture for a future space infrastructure for navigation and geodesy.…”

Section: Future Gnss Constellation "Kepler"mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference system origin and scale realization within the future GNSS constellation “Kepler”

Glaser

Michalak

Männel

et al. 2020

J Geod

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Currently, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) do not contribute to the realization of origin and scale of combined global terrestrial reference frame (TRF) solutions due to present system design limitations. The future Galileo-like medium Earth orbit (MEO) constellation, called “Kepler”, proposed by the German Aerospace Center DLR, is characterized by a low Earth orbit (LEO) segment and the innovative key features of optical inter-satellite links (ISL) delivering highly precise range measurements and of optical frequency references enabling a perfect time synchronization within the complete constellation. In this study, the potential improvements of the Kepler constellation on the TRF origin and scale are assessed by simulations. The fully developed Kepler system allows significant improvements of the geocenter estimates (realized TRF origin in long-term). In particular, we find improvements by factors of 43 for the Z and of 8 for the X and Y component w. r. t. a contemporary MEO-only constellation. Furthermore, the Kepler constellation increases the reliability due to a complete de-correlation of the geocenter coordinates and the orbit parameters related to the solar radiation pressure modeling (SRP). However, biases in SRP modeling cause biased geocenter estimates and the ISL of Kepler can only partly compensate this effect. The realized scale enabling all Kepler features improves by 34% w. r. t. MEO-only. The dependency of the estimated satellite antenna phase center offsets (PCOs) upon the underlying TRF impedes a scale realization by GNSS. In order to realize the network scale with 1 mm accuracy, the PCOs have to be known within 2 cm for the MEO and 4 mm for the LEO satellites. Independently, the scale can be realized by estimating the MEO PCOs and by simultaneously fixing the LEO PCOs. This requires very accurate LEO PCOs; the simulations suggest them to be smaller than 1 mm in order to keep scale changes below 1 mm.

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“…Clearly, different navigation technologies should be employed in different flight phases. The satellite navigation [8], the inertial navigation [9], the celestial navigation [10], the visual navigation [11], and the integrated navigation [12] are the most popular navigation techniques in the aerospace engineering research field. Figure 1 presents the sketch map and an example of Mars exploration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Navigation for Mars Exploration

Liu¹

2020

Mars Exploration - A Step Forward

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The autonomous navigation technology uses the multiple sensors to percept and estimate the spatial locations of the aerospace prober or the Mars rover and to guide their motions in the orbit or the Mars surface. In this chapter, the autonomous navigation methods for the Mars exploration are reviewed. First, the current development status of the autonomous navigation technology is summarized. The popular autonomous navigation methods, such as the inertial navigation, the celestial navigation, the visual navigation, and the integrated navigation, are introduced. Second, the application of the autonomous navigation technology for the Mars exploration is presented. The corresponding issues in the Entry Descent and Landing (EDL) phase and the Mars surface roving phase are mainly discussed. Third, some challenges and development trends of the autonomous navigation technology are also addressed.

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Advanced technologies for satellite navigation and geodesy

Cited by 62 publications

References 91 publications

Long-term stable optical cavity for special relativity tests in space

Long-term stable optical cavity for special relativity tests in space

Reference system origin and scale realization within the future GNSS constellation “Kepler”

Autonomous Navigation for Mars Exploration

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