Search citation statements
Paper Sections
Citation Types
Year Published
Publication Types
Relationship
Authors
Journals
Streamline and streamtube methods have been used in fluid flow computations for many years. Early applications for hydrocarbon reservoir simulation were first reported by Fay and Pratts in the 1950s. Streamline-based flow simulation has made significant advances in the last 15 years. Today's simulators are fully three-dimensional and fully compressible and they account for gravity as well as complex well controls. Most recent advances also allow for compositional and thermal displacements. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the evolution and advancement of streamline simulation technology. This paper offers a general overview of most of the material available in the literature on the subject. This work includes the review of more than 200 technical papers and gives a chronological advancement of streamline simulation technology from 1996 to 2011. Firstly, three major areas are identified. These are development of streamline simulators, enhancements to current streamline simulators and applications. In view of the fact that this state of-the-art technology has been employed for a wide range of applications, we defined three major application areas that symbolize the relevance and validity of streamline simulation in addressing reservoir engineering concerns. These are history matching, reservoir management and upscaling, ranking and characterization of fine-grid geological models. Streamline simulation has undergone several phases within its short stretch in the petroleum industry. Initially, the main focus was on the speed advantage and less on fluid flow physics. Next, the focus was shifted to extend its applicability to more complex issues such as compositional and thermal simulations, which require the inclusion of more physics, and potentially reducing the advantage of computational time. Recently, the focus has shifted towards the application of streamline technologies to areas where it can complement finite difference simulation such as revealing important information about drainage areas, flood optimization and improvement of sweep efficiency, quantifying uncertainties, etc.
Streamline and streamtube methods have been used in fluid flow computations for many years. Early applications for hydrocarbon reservoir simulation were first reported by Fay and Pratts in the 1950s. Streamline-based flow simulation has made significant advances in the last 15 years. Today's simulators are fully three-dimensional and fully compressible and they account for gravity as well as complex well controls. Most recent advances also allow for compositional and thermal displacements. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the evolution and advancement of streamline simulation technology. This paper offers a general overview of most of the material available in the literature on the subject. This work includes the review of more than 200 technical papers and gives a chronological advancement of streamline simulation technology from 1996 to 2011. Firstly, three major areas are identified. These are development of streamline simulators, enhancements to current streamline simulators and applications. In view of the fact that this state of-the-art technology has been employed for a wide range of applications, we defined three major application areas that symbolize the relevance and validity of streamline simulation in addressing reservoir engineering concerns. These are history matching, reservoir management and upscaling, ranking and characterization of fine-grid geological models. Streamline simulation has undergone several phases within its short stretch in the petroleum industry. Initially, the main focus was on the speed advantage and less on fluid flow physics. Next, the focus was shifted to extend its applicability to more complex issues such as compositional and thermal simulations, which require the inclusion of more physics, and potentially reducing the advantage of computational time. Recently, the focus has shifted towards the application of streamline technologies to areas where it can complement finite difference simulation such as revealing important information about drainage areas, flood optimization and improvement of sweep efficiency, quantifying uncertainties, etc.
A nationwide EOR screening was conducted on major oil fields in Kuwait with the aim to support KOC's long-term production strategy. Taking the many fields, and multitude of reservoirs into account, an efficient screening methodology was applied to high-grade potential EOR targets to focus on the most promising target formations.This EOR screening methodology is an integrated approach of three steps. The first step applied parametric screening criteria of the various EOR technologies to the target formations of the study. The second step utilized analytical forecast models estimate tertiary recovery factors. The third and final step of this EOR screening methodology focused on generating a technical risk and opportunity profile for each filed, formation and applicable EOR technology.This EOR screening methodology consisted of three steps. The first step applied parametric screening criteria of the various EOR technologies to the target formations of the study. The EOR processes in this parametric screening exercise included miscible gas EOR (such a CO 2 and N 2 as an example), chemical EOR technologies as well as thermal recovery technologies. During this first part of the EOR screening, the EOR technology yielding the highest incremental oil recovery in each formation was further studied while using analytical forecast models to link operational recovery drivers, such as throughput volumes and rates, to tertiary recovery factors. The third, and final step of this EOR screening methodology focused on generating a technical risk and opportunity profile for each field and formation under EOR screening while considering aspects such as EOR technology maturity, relative cost comparison and infrastructure constraints, to name a few. Integrating these three screening steps enabled to first, quickly focus on applicable EOR technologies for each target, second quantify a range of tertiary recovery factors and third estimate the risk profile. Combining these three outcomes enable to screen a portfolio of potential EOR opportunities quickly to find the most attractive target for further studies.The novelty is the integrated EOR screening approach of combining parametric screening, analytical tertiary recovery forecasts and risk profiles to high-grade a portfolio of potential EOR targets for decision making.
A major numerical modelling project was performed with the objectives of develop a more robust model for development planning studies. The second was to gain a better understanding of "reservoir dynamics", in particular aquifer influx, the lateral pressure distribution and gross fluid movement within the major reservoirs of the Wara–Burgan sequence and the flow between them. The challenges and implemented solutions of history matching a reservoir model of a huge, complex field with multiple production zones, many wells and large volumes of production and surveillance data are described in the context of a recently completed study of Wara–Burgan reservoir in the giant Greater Burgan field. Additional challenges due to possible mechanical problems in wells and uncertainties in production and injection data, as usually experienced in mature fields, are also discussed. The work started with reviews of basic engineering data, previous simulation studies and the regional geology. It was the first project for this field in which modern assisted history matching (AHM) techniques were applied. The main enablers for this were increased computational resources and the availability of new generation high-performance reservoir simulators. AHM techniques were used to help better define "high level" features of aquifer properties, pressure communication and gross fluid movement within and between the main reservoir units. A large emphasis was given to matching the pressure data from RFTs and cased-hole saturation estimates. A combination of AHM and more traditional calibration methods have enabled improved models of the Wara-Burgan reservoir to be developed. These models account for the gross aspects of pressure and fluid movements in and between major reservoir units and provide a reasonable match of the performance at field, reservoir unit and gathering center (GC) levels. The use of AHM techniques and special plots to assess the quality of the pressure match have enabled better characterization on permeability levels and allowed lateral pressure gradients to be better represented. As the match was refined, issues with well histories become more apparent and the approach to dealing with these problems is discussed. Matching the apparent remaining oil distribution was facilitated by extensive tools that allowed easy comparison of simulation with both saturation estimates at wells from cased-hole logs and to interpreted saturation maps. The available workflows, simulation tools and computing environment also allowed models with different levels of refinement (4 to 28 million cells) to be used to address concerns about numerical resolution and upscaling. Base "Do-Nothing" prediction cases were also performed. These gave some insight into how sensitive prediction results would be to model calibration assumptions. Development of the current representative numerical model for the main (Wara – Burgan) reservoir of the giant Greater Burgan field has allowed the major features of pressure communication, fluid movement and current pressure and fluid distributions all to be captured in a geologically plausible setting. The approach to using very large volumes of data, including log data, in the AHM work and the novel tools used to assist visualization of match quality will be discussed.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.