“…Participants were either the patients who attended for dental implant treatment (Abrahamsson et al, 2017;Gatten et al, 2011;Grey et al, 2013;Hyland et al, 2009;Johannsen et al, 2012;Kashbour et al, 2017); or dentists who undertook either the clinical procedures or learned about the subject (Afshari et al, 2014;Kashbour et al, 2018aKashbour et al, , 2018b. Purposive sampling was the commonly employed method (Cronin et al, 2009;Kashbour et al, 2018aKashbour et al, , 2018bMeaney et al, 2017; T. E. Nogueira, et al, 2019;Parahoo et al, 2019;Rousseau et al, 2014;Vernazza et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2015).…”