Advanced Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Catecholamines Detection: Challenges and Trends

Abstract

Catecholamines, including dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, are considered one of the most crucial subgroups of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), in which they act at the brain’s highest levels of mental function and play key roles in neurological disorders. Accordingly, the analysis of such catecholamines in biological samples has shown a great interest in clinical and pharmaceutical importance toward the early diagnosis of neurological diseases such as Epilepsy, Parkinson, and Alzheimer diseases. As promising routes for the real-time monitoring of catecholamine neurotransmitters, optical and electrochemical biosensors have been widely adopted and perceived as a dramatically accelerating development in the last decade. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the recent advances and main challenges in catecholamines biosensors. Particular emphasis is given to electrochemical biosensors, reviewing their sensing mechanism and the unique characteristics brought by the emergence of nanotechnology. Based on specific biosensors’ performance metrics, multiple perspectives on the therapeutic use of nanomaterial for catecholamines analysis and future development trends are also summarized.

Nanomaterial-based electrochemical chemo(bio)sensors for the detection of nanoplastic residues: trends and future prospects

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Laser Scribing Turns Plastic Waste into a Biosensor via the Restructuration of Nanocarbon Composites for Noninvasive Dopamine Detection

“…Recent studies demonstrate that electrochemical sensing is one of the most promising methods for determining neurotransmitters at the pmol/L level in biofluids and designing POC devices [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. However, due to the utilization of costly metals [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], aptamers [ 20 , 21 ], processed nanocarbon [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], enzymes [ 9 , 26 ], hybrid composites [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], and complicated fabrication process [ 44 , 45 ], their application for creating large-scale recognizing units/electrodes is still restricted, yet they offer good sensitivity. Therefore, a novel sensor that is highly efficient and economical must be designed without a complex manufacturing technique.…”

Enhancement of Dopamine Electrochemical Detection with Manganese Doped Crystalline Copper Oxide

“…In order to surmount these challenges, a variety of sensing materials have been developed and applied at the electrode surface including antibodies, enzymes, or aptamers [18][19][20][21]; molecularly imprinted polymers [22,23]; or nanomaterials [24][25][26][27][28][29]. In the last decade, electrochemical biosensors have been widely used and seen as a major advancement in real-time monitoring of catecholamine neurotransmitters [30]. Decarli et al [31] report the usage of imidazolium zwitterionic surfactants in the development of new biosensors for DA determination while Pimpilova et al [32] results present sensitive DA detection based on laccase immobilized on glassy carbon electrode modified with nanoporous gold.…”