Advanced methods for activated carbon from agriculture wastes; a comprehensive review

Yunus, Zalilah Murni; Yashni, G.; Al-Gheethi, Adel; Othman, Norzila; Hamdan, Rafidah; Ruslan, N. N.

doi:10.1080/03067319.2020.1717477

Cited by 37 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Despite the higher cost of activated carbon production [ 22 ], its usage as a contaminant adsorbent is still popular due to its practicality. Compared to other remedial techniques, the adsorption process was chosen due to the lower operational cost, easier application and reduced waste [ 28 ]. Finding a low-cost precursor for activated carbon production is a must, most probably from waste materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Ofloxacin Adsorption Studies of Chemically Modified Activated Carbon from Cassava Stem

et al. 2022

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Cassava is a type of crop popular in Asian countries. It can be easily cultivated and grows to a mature plant in 9 months. Considering its availability, this work studied activated carbon based on cassava stem. Ofloxacin was chosen as the adsorbate, simulating the wastewater from the pharmaceutical industry. Cassava stem was ground into particles and heated to the activated state, 787 °C. The cassava-stem-activated carbon was further treated with the surface modifier, namely sodium hydroxide and zinc chloride, to study the improvement in ofloxacin adsorption. Prepared adsorbents were characterised using the SEM, FT-IR, XRD, DSC and TGA methods before being evaluated through batch adsorption, thermodynamic, and kinetic studies. The surface area analysis indicates that treatment of the activated carbon with NaOH and ZnCl2 increases the surface area due to the removal of organic content by the chemicals. Better ofloxacin adsorption of all activated carbon samples can be obtained with solutions at pH 8. An endothermic reaction was predicted, shown by higher ofloxacin adsorption at a higher temperature, supported by a positive value of ΔH° in the thermodynamic studies. The negative values of ΔG° revealed that adsorptions were spontaneous. The higher R2 values indicate that the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order equation of kinetic study. The maximum adsorption capacities are 42.37, 62.11, 62.89 and 58.82 mg/g for raw cassava stem (RC), cassava-stem-activated carbon (AC), NaOH-modified cassava-stem-activated carbon (NAC), and ZnCl2 modified cassava-stem-activated carbon (ZAC). The adsorption capacity is good compared to previous works by other researchers, making it a possible alternative material for the pharmaceutical industry’s wastewater treatment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Ofloxacin Adsorption Studies of Chemically Modified Activated Carbon from Cassava Stem

et al. 2022

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“…The aforementioned heavy metals were essentials in some perspective ways (Yunus et al, 2020). However, the toxicity of some essential heavy metals, such as copper (Cu), was also reported.…”

Section: Effect Of Heavy Metals Toward Humans Plants and Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wood-Industrial Wastewater by Oil Palm Waste

Ayob¹,

Othman²,

Altowayti³

et al. 2021

J. Ecol. Eng.

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The use of heavy metals in the manufacturing industry over the past few decades has eventually contributed to a rise in the flow of metallic compounds into wastewater and has raised significant ecological and health threats to living things. Adsorption is an excellent way to treat solid waste effluent, offering significant benefits such as affordability, profitability, ease of operation and efficiency. However, the price of commercial adsorbent namely activated carbon has soared due to its high demand. There is also a green improvement in this method by turning the commercial adsorbent into agricultural waste. In Malaysia, the oil palm waste is such suitable material that can be utilized for making activated carbon, since they are ample and easy to find. Additionally, part of them is agricultural waste that cannot be consumed (i.e. leaves and fronds). Hence, this study aimed to analyse the potential of activated carbon from agricultural waste, namely oil palm waste, in reducing the levels of heavy metals in industrial wastewater.

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“…Since the adsorptive properties of SC are naturally significantly low, it becomes of utmost importance to test the most suitable adsorption isotherm to assess the success of its real application for contaminant removal. Various adsorption models developed by two parameters or three parameters have been described [ 123 ]. For the removal of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) from aqueous solution, adsorption data fitted better to the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm as the coefficients of correlation were (R 2 = 0.992, 0.956, R 2 = 0.868, 0.715), respectively [ 121 ].…”

Section: Adsorption Isothermsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remediation with Semicoke-Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption Application

Lartey-Young

2020

Materials

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Development of low-cost contaminant sorbents from industrial waste is now an essential aspect of the circular economy since their disposal continues to threaten ecological integrity. Semicoke (SC), a by-product generated in large quantities and described as solid waste from gasification of low-rank coal (LRC), is gaining popularity in line with its reuse capacity in the energy industry but is less explored as a contaminant adsorbent despite its physical and elemental carbon properties. This paper summarizes recent information on SC, sources and production, adsorption mechanism of polluting contaminants, and summarizes regeneration methods capable of yielding sustainability for the material reuse.

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Advanced methods for activated carbon from agriculture wastes; a comprehensive review

Cited by 37 publications

References 140 publications

Characterization and Ofloxacin Adsorption Studies of Chemically Modified Activated Carbon from Cassava Stem

Characterization and Ofloxacin Adsorption Studies of Chemically Modified Activated Carbon from Cassava Stem

A Review on Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Wood-Industrial Wastewater by Oil Palm Waste

Remediation with Semicoke-Preparation, Characterization, and Adsorption Application

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