Advanced ECMS for Hybrid Electric Heavy-Duty Trucks with Predictive Battery Discharge and Adaptive Operating Strategy under Real Driving Conditions

Schulze, Sven; Feyerl, Günter; Pischinger, Stefan

doi:10.3390/en16135171

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 37 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Hybrid electric vehicles together form a key solution for increasing efficiency and lowering emissions and a viable strategy for developing countries> This is particularly so with the use of environmentally friendly, synthetic CO 2 -neutral fuels at an affordable price [13] or with the use of alternative fuels, such as LPG, which have significantly lower emissions and a lower CO 2 footprint [14]. Such power trains will certainly find their application in heavy trucks for long distances, special purpose vehicles or off-road and military vehicles [15,16]. The share of hybrid vehicles, with all levels of hybridization, from plug-in and full hybrid electric vehicles to mild hybrid vehicles, is predicted to be over 36% by 2030 [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Vehicle-Specific Power Model for the Estimation of Hybrid Vehicle Emissions

Kozina,

Vidović,

Radica

et al. 2023

Energies

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Hybrid electric vehicles are certainly one of the key solutions for improving fuel efficiency and reducing emissions, especially in terms of special vehicles and with the use of CO2-neutral fuels. Determining the energy management strategy and finding the optimal solution with regard to the aforementioned goals remains one of the main challenges in the design of HEVs. This paper presents a new vehicle modeling method, with an emphasis on HEVs, which is based on the frequency analysis of emissions and consumption according to the current specific traction power of the vehicle. An evaluation of the newly introduced model in the RDE, NEDC and WLTP cycle was performed, and the results were compared with the standard verified vehicle model that was created in AVL’s CruiseM R2021.2 software package. Positive traction energies have positive deviations of between 0.35% and 2.85%. The largest deviation in CO2 emissions was recorded for the HEV model in the RDE cycle and in the non-hybrid model in the WLTP cycle and were 3.79% and 4.4%, respectively. All other combinations of cycle and vehicles had deviations of up to about 1%. As expected, the largest relative deviations were recorded for NOx emissions and ranged from 0.13% to 9.62% for HEVs in the WLTP cycle.

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