Advanced CNC/PEG/PDMAA Semi-IPN Hydrogel for Drug Delivery Management in Wound Healing

Abstract

A Semi Interpenetrating Polymer Network (semi-IPN) hydrogel was prepared and loaded with an antibiotic drug, gentamicin, to investigate the wound healing activity of this system. The semi-IPN hydrogel was synthesized by combining natural polymer cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and synthetic polymer polyethylene glycol (PEG) and poly (N,N′-dimethyl acrylamide) (PDMAA), which was initially added as a monomer dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA). CNC was prepared from locally obtained jute fibers, dispersed in a PEG-NaOH solvent system and then mixed with monomer DMAA, where polymerization was initiated by an initiator potassium persulphate (KPS) and cross-linked by N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (NMBA). The size, morphology, biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity, thermal and swelling properties of the hydrogel were investigated by different characterization techniques. The biocompatibility of the hydrogel was confirmed by cytotoxicity analysis, which showed >95% survival of the BHK-21, Vero cell line. The drug loaded hydrogel showed antimicrobial property by forming 25 and 23 mm zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative) bacteria, respectively, in antimicrobial analysis. At pH 5.5, 76% of the drug was released from the hydrogel within 72 h, as observed in an in vitro drug release profile. In an in vivo test, the healing efficiency of the drug loaded hydrogel was examined on a mice model with dorsal wounds. Complete healing of the wound without any scar formation was achieved in 12 days, which revealed excellent wound healing properties of the prepared drug loaded semi-IPN hydrogel. These results showed the relevance of such a system in the rapid healing of acute wounds.

Polyacrylamide Hydrogel Containing Calendula Extract as a Wound Healing Bandage: In Vivo Test

“…The bandage made from the formulation also showed a reduction in the amount of exudate as well as macrophage proliferation. Afrin et al [ 57 ] and Zhang et al [ 58 ] also confirmed the efficiency of hydrogels in the wound healing process in an in vivo study. The anti-inflammatory action observed in the results was attributed to flavonols (specifically rutin) present in the calendula extract.…”

Multifunctional antibacterial hydrogels for chronic wound management

“…70,71 In addition, owing to their efficient delivery properties, hydrogels can be loaded with different active molecules, including drugs, cytokines, growth factors, and exogenous cells, such as stem cells and fibroblasts, to construct a delivery system suitable for different chronic wounds, promoting wound repair. 72,73 Classification and mechanism of multifunctional antibacterial hydrogels Universally, antibacterial properties arise from antibacterial hydrogel matrices and the release of antibacterial substances from composite hydrogels. Antibacterial hydrogels are classified into six categories based on their antibacterial mode: (1) hydrogels with inherent antibacterial activity, (2) biological extract-loaded hydrogels, (3) antibiotic-loaded hydrogels, (4) inorganic NP-loaded hydrogels, (5) carbon material-loaded hydrogels, and (6) stimulus-responsive hydrogels (Fig.…”

Mechanically Tuned Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC)-based Bio-aimed Hydrogels: Are Hydrogel Meeting Bio-based Application Demands?

“…These design are thermoplastic reinforcement, reinforcement based on inclusion of nanoparticles; reinforcement through energy dissipative networks such as supramolecular hydrogels, interpenetrating network or IPNs, Functionalization\dual crosslinking, supramolecular IPN, sliding crosslinking, functionalization nanocomposites, Nanocomposites IPNs, crosslinked microgels 181 . Example of usage of these networks in shape of hydrogels are CNC\PEG as nanocomposite hydrogel 175 , semi-IPN CNC/PEG/PDMAA hydrogel as IPN [182][183] , PVA/CNC-UPy supramolecular nanocomposite hydrogel 184 , hydroxypropyl-modified α-cyclodextrin (Hy-α-CD) and Acrylamide-PEG20000-Acrylamide as sliding movable crosslink supramolecular hydrogels 185 to just name a few. In randomly crosslinked hydrogels stress is concentrated; increasing crosslinking density leads to doubly crosslinked networks as the crosslinking links now acts as the second network.…”