Advanced basal cell carcinoma: What dermatologists need to know about diagnosis

Dermatologic Disease-Directed Targeted Therapy (D3T2): The Application of Biomarker-Based Precision Medicine for the Personalized Treatment of Skin Conditions—Precision Dermatology

“…Although some of these tumors may be locally invasive, they can be successfully managed using localized treatment such as a nonsurgical therapy (such as cryotherapy, photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, or topical therapies including 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod) or a surgical intervention (such as curettage and desiccation, standard excision, or Mohs micrographic surgery). In contrast, locally advanced and metastatic BCCs are uncommon and are not amenable to localized treatment [70][71][72].…”

“…Genomic alteration of the transmembrane tumor suppressor [73] with permission from Elsevier protein patched 1 (PTCH1), the receptor for the Hedgehog protein, can activate the pathway by releasing its inhibition of the smoothened (SMO) proto-oncoprotein; also, albeit less commonly, mutations in SMO can result in pathway activation. Once SMO is no longer inhibited, downstream signaling continues, involving not only suppressor of fused homolog (SUFU) but also activation of the glioma-associated oncogene (GLI) family of transcription factors [72,73].…”

“…In addition to PTCH1 abnormalities, several other genomic aberrations have been observed that involve the SMO, SUFU, and tumor protein (TP)53 genes. Indeed, in BCC patients whose tumors are resistant to either vismodegib or sonidegib, some of these gene mutations may in the future be targetable [72,[75][76][77]. Other agents can also theoretically be utilized in a genomically targeted approach.…”

Dental Screening Including Panoramic Radiograph for Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome in Patients With Multiple Basal Cell Carcinomas

“…no septum within the lesion) or multilocular, and in many cases, grow mesiodistally without the buccolingual expansion. 4,5 Pictorial details about radiological features of OKCs (n = 120) were previously described by Pitak-Arnnop et al 4 Additional data were collected regarding demographics: 1) age (continuous data, and adjusted into binary: ≤35 vs. >35; Rationale: syndromic mBCCs appear most commonly between puberty and 35 years of age, unlike the older age that is seen with sporadic mBCCs 6 ), and 2) gender (female vs. male), and clinical-pathological features: 1) number (2-4 vs. ≥5; Rationale: the average of total lifetime BCCs is ~5, and median of ~3 [ranges, 0-85 7 ; 2-50 8 ), and 2) ≥1 high-risk BCC (yes vs. no). We followed the risk stratification of BCCs based on the German S2k (consensus-based) practice guideline (Table 2).…”

“…Diagnostic Criteria for Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (GGS) After the 2022 Updated 5th Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Familial Head and Neck Tumor Syndromes,3 and Modifications by Krakowski et al6 …”