The online retail business has grown substantially. Given distinctive product categories (e.g. search or experience goods), owners must put an effort in the design of websites so every visit may end with a purchase. Clickstream panel data allowing examination into website visiting behavior (i.e. the number of pages viewed (or pageview) or the visit duration) are increasingly accessible. However, it is unclear whether the differences of the two visiting behavior between purchase outcome or product categories are significant. The present study hopes to fill the void. An analysis of 27,528 visit sessions extracted from ComScore verifies that (1) the difference of page views between purchase outcomes and that between product categories were significant and (2) only the difference of visit duration between the product categories was significant but that between purchase outcomes was insignificant. In addition to theoretical insight into online behavior across purchasing horizons and product categories using clickstream data, online retail practitioners could apply the findings to enhance the possibility of the purchases at their online stores.
Purposes To evaluate inanimate surface contamination of SARS-CoV-2 during midfacial fracture repair (MFR) and to identify relevant aggregating factors. Methods Using a prospective non-randomised comparative study design, we enrolled a cohort of asymptomatic COVID-19 patients undergoing MFR. The predictor variables were osteofixation system (conventional titanium plates [CTiP] vs. ultrasound-assisted resorbable plates [USaRP]). The main outcomes were the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on four different surfaces. Other study variables were categorised into demographic, anatomic, and operative. Descriptive, bi- and multivariate statistics were computed. Results The sample consisted of 11 patients (27.3% females. 63.6% right side, 72.7% displaced fractures) with a mean age of 52.7 ± 20.1 years (range, 19-85). Viral spread was, on average, 1.9 ± 0.4 m. from the operative field, including most oral and orbital retractors’ tips (81.8% and 72.7%) and no virus was found at 3 m from the operative field, but no significant difference was found between 2 osteofixation types. On binary adjustments, significantly broader contamination was linked to centrolateral MFR ( P = 0.034; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05 to 1.02), and displaced MFR > 45 min ( P = 0.022; 95% CI, 0.1 to 1.03). Conclusions USaRP, albeit presumably heavily aerosol-producing, cause similar SARS-CoV-2 distribution to CTiP. Non-surgical operating room (OR) staff should stay ≥ 3 m from the operative field, if the patient is SARS-CoV-2-positive. Enoral and orbital instruments are a potential virus source, especially during displaced MFR > 45 min and/or centrolateral MFR, emphasising an importance of appropriate patient screening and OR organisation.
Success in electronic commerce relies greatly on customer's trust. While other studies have examined various factors affecting the online trust, a few have researched on the joint effects of perceived risk and website reputation on purchase intention using online trust as a mediator. The current study attempts to fill the gap. 300 samples of online shoppers participated in web-based questionnaires using a quota sampling technique. Based on the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the measurement is valid and reliable. Using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique, we confirmed the significant direct effects of the perceived risk and the website reputation on the purchase intention. Furthermore, both factors did have the significant indirect effects on the intention through the online trust. In addition to extending theoretical insight into the online trust as a mediator for the effects of the perceived risk and the website reputation on the purchase intention, web-based vendors may adopt the findings to adjust their online stores to raise customer's trust and ultimately increase the possibility of the purchase.
Attaching an ad banner on a clip in a video-sharing website such as YouTube has become common although eye-tracking studies have concluded that this fails to secure visitors' attention. To date, there have been no studies verifying whether ad banners on a video clip can ensure eye fixation from viewers. Through eye-tracking, this study investigates whether YouTube visitors fixate on ad banners, what the correlations between fixation duration on banners and overall fixation counts are, and the extent to which site visitors are able to recall details of ad banners and of the clip viewed. Using a Miramatrix eye-tracker to record YouTube viewers' eye movements, this study showed that nearly all fixated at least once on an ad banner in a clip. However, less than 10% were able to correctly recall the ad content viewed. Nevertheless, about half of viewers were able to correctly recall clip details. Fixation duration on the banner and fixation counts on the clip are negatively correlated, but the relationship between fixation duration and counts on the banner was insignificant. This study sheds new light on YouTube advertising through the use of eye-tracking and advises advertisers to be attentive in selecting clips on which ad banners will appear.
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