Advanced Applications for Underwater Acoustic Modeling

Abstract

Changes in the ocean soundscape have been driven by anthropogenic activity (e.g., naval-sonar systems, seismic-exploration activity, maritime shipping and windfarm development) and by natural factors (e.g., climate change and ocean acidification). New regulatory initiatives have placed additional restrictions on uses of sound in the ocean: mitigation of marine-mammal endangerment is now an integral consideration in acoustic-system design and operation. Modeling tools traditionally used in underwater acoustics have undergone a necessary transformation to respond to the rapidly changing requirements imposed by this new soundscape. Advanced modeling techniques now include forward and inverse applications, integrated-modeling approaches, nonintrusive measurements, and novel processing methods. A 32-year baseline inventory of modeling techniques has been updated to reflect these new developments including the basic mathematics and references to the key literature. Charts have been provided to guide soundscape practitioners to the most efficient modeling techniques for any given application.

Connection between Ocean Acidification and Sound Propagation

“…6). These results are representative of other contemporaneous investigations dealing this subject (Rouseff and Tang, 2010;Etter, 2012). A insignificant variation in OAN in the deep waters for all frequencies well known acoustic features.…”

A survey on deployment techniques, localization algorithms, and research challenges for underwater acoustic sensor networks

“…While, in shallow water, there are important effects from the seabed, in deep water, variations of the sound speed in the water dominate. Generally, there are 5 methods of modelling underwater acoustic propagation, and the choice of propagation model depends on the application scenario . While ray theory is often the most efficient one for high frequency, modal theory usually describes lower frequency propagation, especially in shallow water environments .…”

Underwater Noise Modeling in Lithuanian Area of the Baltic Sea

“…Šiuo metu yra žinoma nemažai sudėtingų fizikinių povandeninio triukšmo modelių (Jensen et al 2011;Carey, Evans 2011;Etter 2012), tačiau supaprastintų priemonių, skirtų povandeniniam triukšmui modeliuoti bei aplinkos būklei vertinti, vis dar yra nedaug (Erbe et al 2012). Šiuo tikslu Klaipėdos universitete buvo pradėtas kurti supaprastintas povandeninio triukšmo modelis, kurį taikant galima prognozuoti laivų sukeliamo triukšmo lygius erdvėje, pasitelkiant jau turimą kitų šalių patirtį (Erbe et al 2014;Gervaise et al 2015;Simard et al 2016).…”