Advanced Application of Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy in Plant Disease Diagnostics: A Review

Abstract

Plant diseases result in 20–40% of agricultural loss every year worldwide. Timely detection of plant diseases can effectively prevent the development and spread of diseases and ensure the agricultural yield. High-throughput and rapid methods are in great demand. This review investigates the advanced application of Raman spectroscopy (RS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in the detection of plant diseases. The determination of bacterial diseases and stress-induced diseases, fungal diseases, viral diseases, pests in beans, and mycotoxins related to plant diseases using RS and SERS are discussed in detail. Then, biomarkers for RS and SERS detection are analyzed with regard to plant disease diagnosis. Finally, the advantages and challenges are further illustrated. Additionally, potential alternatives are proposed for the challenges. The review is expected to provide a reference and guidance for the use of RS and SERS in plant disease diagnostics.

Flexible SERS substrates for hazardous materials detection: recent advances

“…Additionally, the recent developments in the understanding of SERS substrates (both plasmonic and nonplasmonic) and their potential have increased by leaps and bounds, the proof of which is evident from the number of review articles published in this area 196−198 Different real-world applications that can be envisaged with these SERS substrates include (a) Biomedical applications, bioimaging and biosensing 54,199,200 (b) Inspection in food quality and safety 201 (c) Biochemical and medical analysis 202 (d) Virus detection (including COVID-19) 203,204 (e) Plant disease diagnostics 205 (f) Forensics 206 Since there are numerous methods by which SERS substrates can be fabricated 207,208 it is imperative that a huge number of efforts are out to identify the niche application(s) for each one of them. For example, one may need to compromise on the cost if we need detection of femtomolar concentration of desired analyte molecule.…”

Current State of Hyperspectral Remote Sensing for Early Plant Disease Detection: A Review

“…It is assumed that the spectral portraits of plants should be the same regardless of the sensor model and type, which should allow developing a unified platform for the early detection of plant diseases. We believe that it is also possible, together with the use of hyperspectral sensors, to use active sensors in laboratory studies, which are successfully used to determine plant diseases, such as Raman spectrometers [233,234]. Comparison of spectral portraits obtained from the same samples using two different types of sensors may help to understand which factors most strongly affect hyperspectral portraits and to either make appropriate changes to the experiments or to create algorithms for correcting hyperspectral portraits.…”

Making Sense of Light: The Use of Optical Spectroscopy Techniques in Plant Sciences and Agriculture

“…The introduction of new and improved Raman devices that simplify data collection, along with the possibility of conducting analyses without the need for prior labeling and complicated sample preparation, has turned this spectroscopic technique into a reliable "solution" for some of the limitations met by the elastic spectroscopy [45]. Raman produces specific spectral fingerprints, allowing the non-destructive detection and quantitation of several key compounds, which makes it a powerful tool in the monitoring of the physiological status of plants, the assessment of fruit quality, pathologies and ripening [1,45,73,[96][97][98]. In fact, Raman is another optical spectroscopic technique claimed by precision agriculture, which has the potential for significantly improving the capacity of farming management, quality assessment, detection of biological and/or chemical contamination, contributing to food safety, productivity, and profitability.…”

“…Raman spectroscopy has further been used in the development of high-throughput phenotyping of plants under biotic and abiotic stress [98,100]. The latter was demonstrated for Coleus (Plectranthus scutellarioides) subjected to various abiotic stress conditions [101].…”