Adult Immunohistochemical Markers Fail to Detect Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia in Prepubertal Boys with Cryptorchidism

Kvist, Kolja; Clasen‐Linde, Erik; Cortes, Dina; Petersen, Bodil Laub; Thorup, Jørgen

doi:10.1016/j.juro.2013.10.001

Cited by 20 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, immunohistochemical markers have failed to detect ITGCN in prepubertal boys with cryptorchidism. 19 ITGCN has also been noted in children with disorders of sexual differentiation. Ramani and colleagues 20 reviewed more than 100 cases of children with various intersex states and reported a 10-fold increased frequency of ITGCN in the testis.…”

Section: Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia Risk Factors Of Intratubulamentioning

confidence: 96%

Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia of the Testis, Bilateral Testicular Cancer, and Aberrant Histologies

Dhillon

Sexton

2015

Urologic Clinics of North America

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Section: Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia Risk Factors Of Intratubulamentioning

confidence: 96%

Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia of the Testis, Bilateral Testicular Cancer, and Aberrant Histologies

Dhillon

Sexton

2015

Urologic Clinics of North America

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“…23,28 This hypothesis is in accordance with recent findings that the immunohistochemical marker placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is normally predominantly detected in gonocytes, and the persistence of PLAP-positive germ cells frequently are found throughout all childhood in accordance with the delayed germ cell development seen in cryptorchid testes. 29,30 However, after puberty PLAP-positive cells should have disappeared. An important additional factor may be associated with the hormonal changes occurring during puberty.…”

Section: Malignancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23 The hypothesis that ITGCN originates during fetal development 32 may be true in rare cases of DSD, boys with chromosomal abnormalities, certain syndromes, and abnormalities such as teratomas that includes cryptorchidism. 27,29,30 However, in general, ITGCN is so rarely demonstrated in prepubertal cryptorchid testes, that it is not plausible that adult ITGCN generally originates during fetal development in nonsyndromic cryptorchidism. 27,29,30 Koni et al 33 studied 51 men (aged 20-24 years) diagnosed with inguinal unilateral undescended testis found on routine examination for military recruits.…”

Section: Malignancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…27,29,30 However, in general, ITGCN is so rarely demonstrated in prepubertal cryptorchid testes, that it is not plausible that adult ITGCN generally originates during fetal development in nonsyndromic cryptorchidism. 27,29,30 Koni et al 33 studied 51 men (aged 20-24 years) diagnosed with inguinal unilateral undescended testis found on routine examination for military recruits. None was evaluated or treated for undescended testis previously.…”

Section: Malignancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-Term Follow-Up after Treatment of Cryptorchidism

Thorup

Cortes

2016

Eur J Pediatr Surg

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When considering long-term prognosis and results in adult age following treatment of cryptorchidism in childhood there are three main issues to be discussed: cosmetics, fertility, and malignancy. In the present review, the most recent research on the topics related to summaries of well-known knowledge on the field is presented.To some extent a smaller testis in a higher scrotal position than normal must be accepted as a fair cosmetic result after orchidopexy in childhood. The smaller testis size is related to the impaired fertility potential of the testis. In cases with atrophy, testicular prosthesis implantation is an option with good operative results. The risk of impaired fertility potential in adults treated in childhood for cryptorchidism is still significant and worst in bilateral disease. We need repetitive solid long-term follow-up data to show that orchidopexy performed within first year of life has markedly improved the fertility potential. Men previously having orchidopexy for cryptorchidism related to intra-abdominal testes, abnormal external genitalia and/or abnormal karyotype, and/or hypospadias are of special increased risk of developing testicular cancer. In these cases intratubular germ cell neoplasia may be diagnosed in prepubertal age. Early orchidopexy may lower the risk of developing testicular cancer.

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“…However, it is not completely clear to which extent this is due to cryptorchidism or the underlying genetic defects. Testicular dysgenesis is associated with an increased risk of germ cell neoplasia and some cases of testicular neoplasia have been reported among adult PWS patients (15)(16)(17).…”

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confidence: 99%

Central Precocious Puberty in two Boys with Prader-Willi Syndrome on Growth Hormone Treatment

Monai

Johansen

Clasen‐Linde

et al. 2019

AACE Clinical Case Reports

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Objective: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic neuroendocrine disorder characterized by hypotonia, obesity, short stature, and mental retardation. Incomplete or delayed pubertal development as well as premature adrenarche are usually found in PWS, whereas central precocious puberty is rarely seen. Methods: This study reports the clinical, biochemical, and histologic findings in 2 boys with PWS who developed central precocious puberty. Results: Both boys were started on growth hormone therapy during the first years of life according to the PWS indication. They had both bilateral cryptorchidism at birth and had orchidopexy in early childhood. Retrospective histologic analysis of testicular biopsies demonstrated largely normal tissue architecture and germ cell maturation, but severely decreased number of prespermatogonia in one of the patients. Both boys had premature adrenarche around the age of 6. Precocious puberty was diagnosed in both boys with enlargement of testicular volume (>3 mL), signs of virilization and a pubertal response to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test and they were both treated with GnRH analog. Conclusion: The cases described here displayed typical characteristics for PWS, a considerable heterogeneity of the hypothalamic-pituitary function, as well as testicular histology. Central precocious puberty is extremely rare in PWS boys, but growth hormone treatment may play a role in the pubertal timing.

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Adult Immunohistochemical Markers Fail to Detect Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia in Prepubertal Boys with Cryptorchidism

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia of the Testis, Bilateral Testicular Cancer, and Aberrant Histologies

Intratubular Germ Cell Neoplasia of the Testis, Bilateral Testicular Cancer, and Aberrant Histologies

Long-Term Follow-Up after Treatment of Cryptorchidism

Central Precocious Puberty in two Boys with Prader-Willi Syndrome on Growth Hormone Treatment

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