Adult Age Differences in Memory for Sex of Voice

Kausler, Donald H.; Puckett, James M.

doi:10.1093/geronj/36.1.44

Cited by 98 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…For example, older adults are generally less accurate in remembering which words they studied (Light & Singh, 1987;Schacter et al, 1994) and whether these words were presented auditorily or visually, in a male or female voice, or in uppercase or lowercase letters (Kausler & Puckett, 1980, 1981a, 1981b. Thus, we predicted that older adults' recognition memory would be overall less accurate, providing evidence for a dissociation of implicit and explicit measures of memory.…”

Section: Experiments 3 Recognition Memorymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The notion that the processing of perceptual information may decline in old age comes from studies reporting that older adults cannot recollect as well as young adults all sorts of nonlinguistic features of past experiences (Kausler & Puckett, 1981a, 1981bLight et al, 1992;Mitchell, Hunt, & Schmitt, 1986;Park & Puglisi, 1985). These findings, however, may simply reflect older adults' reduced ability to retrieve information from long-term memory deliberately, without involving any specific age-related decline in either the encoding or the incidental activation at test of nonlinguistic features.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Perceptual and lexical components of auditory repetition priming in young and older adults

Pilotti

Beyer

2002

Mem Cogn

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Section: Experiments 3 Recognition Memorymentioning

confidence: 90%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual and lexical components of auditory repetition priming in young and older adults

Pilotti

Beyer

2002

Mem Cogn

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“…Although the use of this notion to explain our specific episodic memory factor is quite consistent with our present data, there are other data that argue against it. Elderly individuals appear to possess inferior context-encoding skills (see, e.g., Kausler & Puckett, 1981; see also the review in Burke & Light, 1981). Elderly subjects do not, however, perform significantly worse than young adults in an SPT free-recall test (Backman & Nilsson, 1984).…”

Section: Mean Sd Reliabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in event memory: A case for nonstrategic factors

Cohen¹

1984

Memory & Cognition

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Individual differences in event free recall (episodic memory) and in item generation fluency (semantic memory) were investigated during the course of three studies. The findings suggested that, in addition to two specific factors, an episodic and a semantic factor, performance on both kinds of memory tasks had some dependency on a general factor. A case is made for interpreting all three factors as nonstrategic factors. Kausler (1983) distinguished between rehearsaldependent and rehearsal-independent memory. These two classes of episodic memory may be classified according to the operations occurring during event storage. In rehearsal-dependent memory, events are stored through the aid of an encoding strategy, and the actual memorization operation (laying down of traces in long-term memory) is effortful. Rehearsal-independent memory refers to the traces of events that manage to find their way into long-term memory both effortlessly and without the aid of encoding strategies. The difference between the two classes of memory is confined to encoding, retrieval in both cases being characterized by effortful search. As Hasher and Zacks (1979) pointed out, the vast majority of laboratory research has been concerned with rehearsaldependent or strategic memory. In particular, the rather meager literature devoted to research into individual differences in episodic memory appears to have limited itself to strategic memory tasks. Consequently, it is hardly surprising that such differences have been attributed to effortful acquisition factors (Carroll, 1980).Probably the most extensive investigation of individual differences in episodic memory (Underwood, Boruch, & Malmi, 1978) used a factor-analytical approach set in the framework of an associationistic model. In that study, five episodic memory factors were isolated. Of particular interest here, free recall was found to load on one factor and paired associates and serial recall to load on a second factor. This result led Underwood et al. (1978) to speculate that, although the acquisition phases of free-recall and paired-associate tasks both involve the (presumably effortful) formation of associations, this process requires somewhat different abilities in the two cases. Items in a free-recall list may be acquired through the formation of contextual associations, whereas paired-associates learning presumably involves the formation of associations be- tween the two items in each pair. In both cases, however, the conclusion is that individual differences in memory performance reflect individual differences in the rate at which associations are formed during acquisition, A follow-up study (Malmi, Underwood, & Carroll, 1979) also found free recall and paired associates to load on two different factors, although serial recall changed its allegiance in this study and loaded on the free-recall factor. It should also be noted that the episodic memory measures in both studies tended to correlate with each other, suggesting the existence of a general episodic memory factor, namely, an...

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“…Older adults demonstrate difficulty with tasks such as reality monitoring (Hashtroudi, Johnson, & Chrosniak, 1989) and recall of the gender of the presenter of studied stimulus items (Kausler & Puckett, 1981) that demand the retrieval of contextual aspects of the encoding situation. One example of older adults' inability to remember the source of learned information is provided by McIntyre and Craik (1987).…”

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confidence: 99%

Parallel effects of aging and time pressure on memory for source: Evidence from the spacing effect

Benjamin

Craik

2001

Memory & Cognition

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Two experiments address the degree to which item memory-the ability to remember that a word has been presented-is dissociable from source memory, or the ability to remember the context of that word's presentation. Spacing (as opposed to massing) an item's two presentations leads young adults to endorse that item more often when they are instructed to recognize it and to reject it more often when they are instructed to exclude it. Old adults also enjoy beneficial effects of spacing when the item is to be recognized, but suffer detrimental effects of the spacing manipulation when the item is to be rejected: They falsely endorse the spaced to-be-rejected items more than the massed ones. This dissociation also obtains with young subjects under conditions of increased time pressure: Under normal decision conditions, the ability to endorse to-be-recognizeditems and to reject to-be-rejected items increases with spacing; under speeded conditions, the ability to reject the latter items decreases with spacing. The results support the notion that source memory is selectively impaired in the elderly and that it is difficult to access mnemonic information about source under time pressure.

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Adult Age Differences in Memory for Sex of Voice

Cited by 98 publications

References 0 publications

Perceptual and lexical components of auditory repetition priming in young and older adults

Perceptual and lexical components of auditory repetition priming in young and older adults

Individual differences in event memory: A case for nonstrategic factors

Parallel effects of aging and time pressure on memory for source: Evidence from the spacing effect

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