Adsorption, Wetting, and Capillary Condensation of Nonpolar Fluids in Mica Slits

Curry, Jane; Christenson, Hugo K.

doi:10.1021/la960538b

Cited by 54 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…The total radius r is given in terms of the two principal radii of curvature r1, r2 by Agreement with the Kelvin equation was obtained with cyclohexane, but this could not be repeated with water, however, and this was attributed to the presence of carbonaceous, watersoluble material on the mica surfaces, which would remain as a solid residue on the surfaces after evaporation of the condensates. Since then, a great number of SFA experiments involving capillary condensation of nonaqueous liquids have been carried out [104][105][106][107][108][109], and not even with moderately polar liquids such as tert-butanol [110] or ethanol [111] has any contamination of the condensates been evident, which strongly suggests that the solute in the water condensates is ionic.…”

Section: Mica and The Surface Force Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of the air-cleaved mica surface

Christenson

Thomson

2016

Surface Science Reports

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114

102

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The accepted image of muscovite mica is that of an inert and atomically smooth surface, easily prepared by cleavage in an ambient atmosphere. Consequently, mica is extensively used a model substrate in many fundamental studies of surface phenomena and as a substrate for AFM imaging of biomolecules. In this review we present evidence from the literature that the above picture is not quite correct. The mica used in experimental work is almost invariably cleaved in laboratory air, where a reaction between the mica surface, atmospheric CO2 and water occurs immediately after cleavage. The evidence suggests very strongly that as a result the mica surface becomes covered by up to one formula unit of K2CO3 per nm 2 , which is mobile under humid conditions, and crystallizes under drier conditions. The properties of mica in air or water vapour cannot be fully understood without reference to the surface K2CO3, and many studies of the structure of adsorbed water on mica surfaces may need to be revisited. With this new insight, however, the air-cleaved mica should provide exciting opportunities to study phenomena such as two-dimensional ion diffusion, electrolyte effects on surface conductivity, and two-dimensional crystal nucleation.

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Section: Mica and The Surface Force Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The nature of the air-cleaved mica surface

Christenson

Thomson

2016

Surface Science Reports

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114

102

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“…p ev is equal to p vap only when the liquid layer has an infinite thickness and a flat surface. The equilibrium vapor pressure p ev can be obtained from the Gibbs-Duhem equation (Derjaguin andChuraev 1976, Curry andChristenson 1996), i.e., the chemical potential of the liquid phase is equal to that of the vapor phase, to yield…”

Section: Heat Transfer and Lubricant Depletion Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling laser induced lubricant depletion in heat-assisted-magnetic recording systems using a multiple-layered disk structure

Talke

2011

Microsyst Technol

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In this paper, we model the depletion of lubricant from a disk surface subject to heating by a scanning laser in a heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) system. A multi-layer disk structure is used consisting of the substrate (either glass or aluminum), the CoFe based soft magnetic under-layer, a Ru based intermediate layer, a CoCrPt based recording layer, the diamond-like-carbon layer, and the lubricant film. The thickness and material properties of the different layers are shown to play an important role in the conduction of heat from the top layer to the bottom layer and, consequently, in the lubricant depletion process due to heating by a scanning laser. The results show that it is critical to include realistic multi-layer disk structures in HAMR lubricant depletion modeling.

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“…In the limit of large H, where there is no interaction between the surfaces, the adsorbed film thickness at an isolated surface t is obtained. It has been shown [17,19] that a capillary-condensation transition occurs above the bulk melting point for small H. For t . 5 nm the results are consistent with a mechanism whereby the adsorbed films thicken under the influence of van der Waals forces across the gap, and then coalesce at a separation H c [23].…”

Section: (Received 30 March 1999)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have used a technique that has recently been employed to study several aspects of adsorption and capillary condensation at room temperature [17][18][19][20]. The substrate is molecularly smooth muscovite mica, cleaved and cut into 2 5 mm thick sheets of area ഠ1 cm 2 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Triple-Point Wetting and Liquid Condensation in a Slit Pore

Qiao

Christenson

1999

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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We have used multiple-beam interferometry to study the temperature dependence of tert-butanol adsorption from vapor on mica, at an isolated surface and in a slit pore. The film thickness at one surface increases from 2 nm for 17 -24 ± C to .7 nm above the triple point T tr (25.5 ± C). Concomitantly, the surface separation at which the slit fills with liquid increases from 11 to 27 nm. These results show for the first time how a continuous triple-point wetting transition at one surface and suppression of the freezing transition in a slit pore affect capillary condensation near T tr PACS numbers: 68.15. + e, 64.70.Dv, 68.35.Rh, 68.45.Gd The thickness of films adsorbed from vapor depends on the relative strengths of substrate-adsorbent interactions and interactions between the molecules of the adsorbent [1]. Strong attraction between substrate and adsorbent often leads to complete wetting, where the absorbed film thickness t diverges as the vapor pressure approaches saturation. Wetting is common above the bulk triple point T tr of the adsorbent, where the film is fluid and similar in structure to the bulk liquid. At low temperatures, however, incompatibility in the structure of the adsorbed film imposed by the surface and that of the bulk crystalline phase often precludes complete wetting by the solid phase. The adsorbed film may grow to a thickness of a few molecular layers, and no further growth occurs unless nucleation of bulk solid takes place at or above saturation. Often there is thus a transition from incomplete wetting below T tr to complete wetting above T tr [2,3].There have been many experimental observations of wetting transitions near T tr [4][5][6][7][8]. In most cases, the transition to wetting is continuous with t diverging with a critical exponent of 21͞3 as T tr is approached along the solid-vapor coexistence line, i.e., t~DT 21͞3 [3][4][5][6][7][8]. This is expected theoretically on the basis of simple arguments involving long-range Van der Waals forces [2,3]. However, a first-order wetting transition at the bulk triple point has recently been reported for Ar and CH 4 on Au [9].One important example of a triple-point wetting transition is surface melting of bulk solids [10], where a fluid layer is formed on solid surfaces below the bulk melting point. In the presence of long-range, i.e., van der Waals forces, the thickness of the fluid layer should diverge with an exponent of 21͞3 as T approaches T tr .Other wetting transitions that have been discussed in the literature include wetting at the critical point T c [2,3]. A wetting transition at temperatures between T tr and T c requires strong temperature dependence of the substrateadsorbent interactions, and has been observed with shortchain alkanes adsorbed on water [11,12].In a slit, or a system of two parallel surfaces at a separation H, the phase behavior is more complex than at a single surface [13,14]. Complete wetting is no longer possible, since it would require t . H. Above T tr capillary condensation, a first-order vapor-liquid transiti...

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Adsorption, Wetting, and Capillary Condensation of Nonpolar Fluids in Mica Slits

Cited by 54 publications

References 25 publications

The nature of the air-cleaved mica surface

The nature of the air-cleaved mica surface

Modeling laser induced lubricant depletion in heat-assisted-magnetic recording systems using a multiple-layered disk structure

Triple-Point Wetting and Liquid Condensation in a Slit Pore

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