Modeling laser induced lubricant depletion in heat-assisted-magnetic recording systems using a multiple-layered disk structure

Wu, Lin; Talke, Frank E.

doi:10.1007/s00542-011-1300-4

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…From a slider-disk interface perspective, the thermal stress is expected to challenge the robustness of today's protective carbon and boundary lubricant films. Numerous studies have been spawned to answer the question of whether or not the current carbon and lubricant "tribological layers" can survive HAMR technology [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Waltman

2016

Tribology Online

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Lubricant reflow for Z-Tetraol is characterized for heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). The thickness-dependent diffusion constant, D(h), is determined from flow experiments for submonolayer Z-Tetraol films between 2.5 and 13 Å. Fickian diffusion using experimental D(h) values are used to numerically simulate lubricant reflow into HAMR laser-depleted troughs as a function of trough number, trough depth, trough distance and trough width. Reflow is computed to be slower for multiple, wider and deeper troughs. Reflow kinetics as a function of trough separation distance is complicated by adjacent trough interactions. Two major kinetic regimes are identified. Multiple troughs that have not coalesced recover more quickly. Once multiple troughs coalesce into a single larger trough, reflow kinetics is drastically slowed. The crossover time between the two kinetic regimes is computed to be approximately 400 millisec for the system under investigation here, but will be a strong function of trough number, width, depth and separation distances. The simulation of multiple troughs provides significant insight into HAMR conditions. Single trough lubricant studies may be misleading for HAMR systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Waltman

2016

Tribology Online

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“…The assessment indicated that there is promise for achieving 4-6 nm HMS in the long term. While advancements in HDI design could enable significant reduction in HMS, new recording schemes could add to the challenge due to new sources of HMS loss: heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) will experience effects of high temperature at the interface [28][29][30], and bitpatterned magnetic recording (BPR) could have issues with added disk topography that would add to the touchdown height [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Definition Of the Head-media Spacing Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Head-Disk Interface Roadmap to an Areal Density of Tbit/in²

Marchon

Pitchford

Hsia

et al. 2013

Advances in Tribology

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This paper reviews the state of the head-disk interface (HDI) technology, and more particularly the head-medium spacing (HMS), for today's and future hard-disk drives. Current storage areal density on a disk surface is fast approaching the one terabit per square inch mark, although the compound annual growth rate has reduced considerably from ∼100%/annum in the late 1990s to 20-30% today. This rate is now lower than the historical, Moore's law equivalent of ∼40%/annum. A necessary enabler to a high areal density is the HMS, or the distance from the bottom of the read sensor on the flying head to the top of the magnetic medium on the rotating disk. This paper describes the various components of the HMS and various scenarios and challenges on how to achieve a goal of 4.0-4.5 nm for the 4 Tbit/in 2 density point. Special considerations will also be given to the implication of disruptive technologies such as sealing the drive in an inert atmosphere and novel recording schemes such as bit patterned media and heat assisted magnetic recording.

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“…Trough widths of only 20 and 50 nm are used which is close to the expected HAMR optical field [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Multiple troughs simulations utilize edge-to-edge separation distances of either 20 or 50 nm or equivalently, center-to-center trough separation distances of 40 or 100 nm, respectively.…”

Section: Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Duty Cycle Effects in Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Waltman

2016

Tribology Online

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Lubricant reflow for 10 Å Z-Tetraol film is characterized for heat-assisted magnetic recording by numerical simulation using the experimentally determined thickness-dependent diffusion equation. The competition between laser-induced lubricant depletion (troughs) and subsequent healing by reflow is investigated as a function of lubricant depletion rate, trough width, trough depth, and duty cycle (reflow time between successive laser exposures). The simulations include 1, 5, 9 and 13 adjacent troughs. Trough width of 50 nm with an edge-to-edge separation distance of 50 nm and laser depletion rates of 1.0, 0.1 and 0.001 Å/cycle are simulated. Reflow kinetics on 13 troughs with a trough width of 20 nm and an edge-to-edge separation distance of 20 nm is also included to probe the effects in the limit of very small laser spots. Duty cycles of 10 and 100 millisec are used in the simulations. The results of the numerical simulations indicate that trough recovery by reflow increases with increasing duty cycle or decreasing number of adjacent troughs, trough separation distance and laser depletion rate. Conclusions based upon single trough studies are misleading for HAMR interfaces.

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Modeling laser induced lubricant depletion in heat-assisted-magnetic recording systems using a multiple-layered disk structure

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

The Head-Disk Interface Roadmap to an Areal Density of Tbit/in²

Duty Cycle Effects in Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

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Modeling laser induced lubricant depletion in heat-assisted-magnetic recording systems using a multiple-layered disk structure

Cited by 30 publications

References 12 publications

Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

The Head-Disk Interface Roadmap to an Areal Density of Tbit/in2

Duty Cycle Effects in Z-Tetraol Reflow in Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording

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Product

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The Head-Disk Interface Roadmap to an Areal Density of Tbit/in²