Adsorption of nerve agent simulants onto vermiculite structure: Experiments and modelling

Plachá, Daniela; Kovář, Petr; Vaněk, Jakub; Mikeska, Marcel; Škrlová, Kateřina; Dutko, Ondřej; Řeháčková, Lenka; Slabotínský, Jiří

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121001

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Ultrapure MilliQ water (Merck) was used for all the aqueous solutions. The preparation of organically modified vermiculites was carried out following the procedure outlined in [37,39,40,56]. Natural vermiculite was saturated with Na + cations to prepare the monoionic form of vermiculite (denoted as Na-VMT).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)-Based Nanocomposites: Impact of Vermiculite, Silver, and Graphene Oxide on Thermal Stability, Isothermal Crystallization, and Local Mechanical Behavior

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of unreinforced and reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) were investigated. The PLA was a biopolymer that was reinforced with four fillers (i.e., graphene oxide (GO) and silver (Ag); vermiculite (VMT) and silver (Ag); and two organically modified vermiculites). The processing technique for the production of the composite materials were carefully planned. The PLA nanocomposites were investigated by examining their morphological aspects, changes in PLA phases and transitions and, most importantly, the effect on certain final properties. X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis indicated that the sample was completely amorphous. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results indicated that the presence of reinforcing particles in the PLA matrix did not affect the thermal degradation of these composites. Furthermore, the local mechanical properties were investigated using the microindentation method to evaluate the effect of different nanofillers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a VHX-500 optical digital microscope (Keyence International, Mechelen, Belgium) were also used to examine the surface morphology of the PLA polymer composites. These results can help to select suitable fillers to enhance the PLA performance of biopolymers.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among numerous nanofillers [32][33][34][35], vermiculite (VMT), silver (Ag), and graphene oxide (GO) nanofillers are operational in improving the physical properties and crystallization of PLA owing to their excellent physical properties, comprising their high aspect ratio and imperative surface area [36][37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)-Based Nanocomposites: Impact of Vermiculite, Silver, and Graphene Oxide on Thermal Stability, Isothermal Crystallization, and Local Mechanical Behavior

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The surrogate is similar in structure to the agent it mimics without producing its toxic effects. 30 There are many simulants available to mimic different CWAs, but the most common simulant is dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), which is a mimic for sarin and soman (Figure 1). 31 DMMP is an organophosphorus compound and can be considered a reliable comparison for organophosphorus pesticides as all compounds can cause the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When designing and testing materials associated with chemical warfare, a chemical warfare agent surrogate is used for the protection of the manufacturer. The surrogate is similar in structure to the agent it mimics without producing its toxic effects . There are many simulants available to mimic different CWAs, but the most common simulant is dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), which is a mimic for sarin and soman (Figure ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Effective Trapping of the Nerve Agent Simulant Dimethyl Methylphosphonate

Disley

Gil-Ramírez

Gonzalez-Rodriguez

2022

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) fabricated from a biomaterial (chitosan) was successfully created for the selective trapping of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in the thousands of parts per million. DMMP is an organophosphorus compound that can be used in the production of chemical weapons and is the accepted surrogate to test filters and protective clothing designed to trap organophosphorus compounds. Computational calculations (density functional theory: B3LYP/6-31G) were used to calculate the optimum ratio of chitosan to DMMP that would produce the most energetically stable template–monomer complex. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry was used to model the DMMP concentration in the gas phase and to determine the DMMP trapped by the MIP, non-imprinted polymer (NIP), and activated charcoal. The MIP trapped 4554 (±227) ppm (4.55 mg/g) DMMP and outperformed both the NIP (156 (±20) ppm (0.16 mg/g)) and activated charcoal (82 (±17) ppm (0.08 mg/g)). Acetic acid, ammonium hydroxide, acetone, ethanol, and 2-propanol were introduced into the system as interferents and did not significantly affect the amount of DMMP trapped by the MIP: 4286 (±74) ppm (4.29 mg/g). Reusability of the MIP is affected by the extraction process but does not significantly affect the intended use as a filter for hazardous materials. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface morphology of the MIP, and after MeOH extraction, the surface of the MIP became coarser, illustrating the alteration of the material. Overall, the trapping capabilities of the MIP are far superior to activated charcoal 50-fold and can be used as a filling agent in gas masks or gas filters.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, owing to possible terror threats, protecting civilians from CWAs has become increasingly important for many governments. The prompt adsorptive removal of toxic agents from various environments is one of the most critical technologies for achieving the rapid detoxification of CWAs [4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan-Derived Porous Activated Carbon for the Removal of the Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Dimethyl Methylphosphonate

Son

Yoo

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Methods for the rapid removal of chemical warfare agents are of critical importance. In this work, a porous activated carbon material (C-PAC) was prepared from chitosan flakes via single-step potassium carbonate (K2CO3) activation for the prompt adsorption of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP). C-PAC samples were prepared using different carbonization temperatures (350, 550, and 750 °C) at a constant K2CO3/chitosan ratio (1:2) and using different activator ratios (K2CO3/chitosan ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) at 750 °C. Furthermore, we evaluated the effect of preparation conditions on the adsorption capacities of the various C-PAC materials for DMMP under ambient conditions (25 °C). Notably, for the C-PAC material prepared at 750 °C using a K2CO3/chitosan ratio of 1:2, the DMMP adsorption was saturated at approximately 412 mg·g−1 carbon after 48 h. The good performance of this material makes it a potential candidate for use in remedial applications or protective gear.

show abstract

Adsorption of nerve agent simulants onto vermiculite structure: Experiments and modelling

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)-Based Nanocomposites: Impact of Vermiculite, Silver, and Graphene Oxide on Thermal Stability, Isothermal Crystallization, and Local Mechanical Behavior

Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA)-Based Nanocomposites: Impact of Vermiculite, Silver, and Graphene Oxide on Thermal Stability, Isothermal Crystallization, and Local Mechanical Behavior

Chitosan-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Effective Trapping of the Nerve Agent Simulant Dimethyl Methylphosphonate

Chitosan-Derived Porous Activated Carbon for the Removal of the Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant Dimethyl Methylphosphonate

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About