Adsorption of Fluoride from Water Solution on Bone Char

Abstract

The effects of solution pH and temperature on the adsorption of fluoride onto bone char made from cattle bones were investigated in this work. It was found that the maximum adsorption took place at pH 3 and the adsorption capacity decreased nearly 20 times augmenting the pH from 3 to 12. This behavior was attributed to the electrostatic interactions between the surface of bone char and the fluoride ions in solution. The adsorption capacity was not influenced by temperature in the range from 15 to 35 °C. A comparison of fluoride adsorption capacities among several adsorbents revealed that the adsorption capacity of the bone char was 2.8 and 36 times greater than those of a commercial activated alumina (F-1) and a commercial activated carbon (F-400). The adsorption capacity is considerably dependent upon the physicochemical properties of the bone char surface and the solution pH.

Removal of Fluoride Ion by Bone Char Produced from Animal Biomass

“…Experiments have been conducted in Mexico 1) , Kenya 2,3) , and Tanzania 4) with the aim of using bone char (BC) at a practical level to remove fluoride ions from drinking water. It has also been reported that factors such as BC crystal system 5) , ion exchange capacity 6) physicalchemical properties, and solution pH 7) are related to adsorption of fluoride ions.…”

“…The functional group in BC, which is exchanged to fluoride ion, might disappear at a higher carbonization temperature. It is reported that the fluoride ion was exchanged for the hydroxyl group on the BC surface 7) . However, in this study the amount of fluoride ion adsorbed on BC was not correlated to basicity.…”

Removal of fluoride from aqueous media by Fe3O4@Al(OH)3 magnetic nanoparticles

“…According to World Health Organization (WHO) norms, the upper limit of fluoride concentration in drinking water is 1.5 mg L −1 [3]. Long-term ingestion of high-fluoride drinking water can cause fluorosis [4,5], which is a chronic disease manifested by mottling of teeth in mild cases, softening of bones ossification of tendons and ligaments and neurological damage in severe cases [2,6]. Millions of people in the world are affected by fluorosis, especially in Asian countries such as China, India, Pakistan, and Thailand [6][7][8].…”

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“…However, these products have become issues for Muslims, regarding the permissibility status of using them, due to their production from animal bone (Zakaria and Haron, 2013). Apart from bone China products, it was also reported that animal bones have been widely used in water filter products as a potential absorbent for eliminating excessive fluoride in drinking water (Medellin-Castillo, 2007).…”

“…The tricalcium phosphate in the bone char can be used to remove fluoride and metal ions from water, making it useful for the treatment of drinking supplies (Medellin-Castillo, 2007). Bone charcoal is among the oldest known water defluoridation agent and was widely used in the USA from the 1940s to 1960s (Horowitz, 1967).…”