Adsorption of Cytochrome c on Mesoporous Molecular Sieves:  Influence of pH, Pore Diameter, and Aluminum Incorporation

Vinu, Ajayan; Murugesan, V.; Tangermann, Oliver; Hartmann, Martin

doi:10.1021/cm049718u

Cited by 321 publications

(260 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Enzyme biosensors are made by immobilization of enzymes on the sensing surface [98][99][100]. Due to the presence of reactive functional groups, organic polymeric carriers such as poly(2-glucosyloxyethyl methacrylate)-concanavalin [101], polyethylenimine [102], and polyvinylferrocenium [103] are used for this purpose.…”

Section: Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme immobilization: an update

et al. 2013

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Compared to free enzymes in solution, immobilized enzymes are more robust and more resistant to environmental changes. More importantly, the heterogeneity of the immobilized enzyme systems allows an easy recovery of both enzymes and products, multiple re-use of enzymes, continuous operation of enzymatic processes, rapid termination of reactions, and greater variety of bioreactor designs. This paper is a review of the recent literatures on enzyme immobilization by various techniques, the need for immobilization and different applications in industry, covering the last two decades. The most recent papers, patents, and reviews on immobilization strategies and application are reviewed.

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Section: Biosensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme immobilization: an update

et al. 2013

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“…The lack of charge transfer may be ascribed to the electrostatic interactions appearing between cyt c and the surface of the silica pores. It is known that the isoelectric point of cyt c is around 10, so this molecule is positively charged at the neutral pH of the experiments 48 . On the contrary, silica presents an isoelectric point in the range of 1.7-3.5 and, therefore, it is negatively charged in the PBS electrolyte used here 49,50 .…”

Section: Preparation Of Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Silica Sol–Gel Composition for the Promotion of Direct Electron Transfer to Encapsulated Cytochrome c

et al. 2014

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The direct electron transfer between indium-tin oxide electrodes (ITO) and cytochrome c encapsulated in different sol-gel silica networks was studied. Cyt c@silica modified electrodes were synthesized by a two-step encapsulation method mixing a phosphate buffer solution with dissolved cytochrome c and a silica sol prepared by the alcohol free sol-gel route. These modified electrodes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, UV-visible spectroscopy and in situ UV-visible spectroelectrochemistry.The electrochemical response of encapsulated protein is influenced by the terminal groups of the silica pores. Cyt c does not present electrochemical response in conventional silica (hydroxyl terminated) or phenyl terminated silica. Direct electron transfer to encapsulated cytochrome c and ITO electrodes only takes place when the protein is encapsulated in methyl modified silica networks.

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“…The encapsulation process was found to be very rapid, with over 95% encapsulation efficiency being achieved within twenty minutes for all proteins. 51,[71][72] It is also interesting to note that CAT (250 kDa, ca. 10 nm diameter) 52 can be encapsulated into the mesopore network despite the fact that the pore size is similar to that of protein.…”

Section: Protein Loading Studiesmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Large Pores for the Encapsulation and Release of Proteins

Tu¹,

Boyle²,

Friedrich

et al. 2016

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

116

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have been explored extensively as solid supports for proteins in biological and medical applications. Small (< 200 nm) MSNs with ordered large pores (> 5 nm), capable of encapsulating therapeutic small molecules suitable for delivery applications in vivo, are rare however. Here we present small, elongated, cuboidal, MSNs with average dimensions of 90 × 43 nm that possess disk-shaped cavities, stacked on top of each other, which run parallel to the short axis of the particle. Amine-functionalization was achieved by modifying the MSN surface with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino] propyltrimethoxysilane (AP-MSNs and AEP-MSNs) and were shown to have similar dimensions to the non-functionalized MSNs. The dimensions of these particles, and their large surface areas as measured by nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, make them ideal scaffolds for protein encapsulation and delivery. We therefore investigated the encapsulation and release behavior for seven model proteins (α-lactalbumin, ovalbumin, bovine serum albumin, catalase, hemoglobin, lysozyme and cytochrome c). It was discovered that all types of MSNs used in this study allow rapid encapsulation, with a high loading capacity, for all proteins studied. Furthermore, the release profiles of the proteins were tunable. The variation in both rate and amount of protein uptake and release was found to be determined by the surface chemistry of the MSNs, together with the isoelectric point (pI), and molecular weight of the proteins, as well as by the ionic strength of the buffer. These MSNs with their large surface area and optimal dimensions, provide a scaffold with a high encapsulation efficiency and controllable release profiles for a variety of proteins, enabling potential applications in fields such as drug delivery and protein therapy.

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Adsorption of Cytochrome c on Mesoporous Molecular Sieves: Influence of pH, Pore Diameter, and Aluminum Incorporation

Cited by 321 publications

References 46 publications

Enzyme immobilization: an update

Enzyme immobilization: an update

Modulation of the Silica Sol–Gel Composition for the Promotion of Direct Electron Transfer to Encapsulated Cytochrome c

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Large Pores for the Encapsulation and Release of Proteins

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