Adsorption of Congo red dye in water by orange peel biochar modified with CTAB

Abstract

This study used hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) to organically modify orange peel biochar (OBC) to produce CTAB-modified orange peel biochar (NOBC), the adsorption performance of NOBC on Congo red dye in water and the influencing factors were investigated.

An investigation into the prospective applications of bio-catalyst metal frameworks: a novel catalyst for improved removal of Congo red from aqueous solutions

“…The adsorption isotherm serves as a pivotal tool for characterizing the affinity between the adsorbent and adsorbate surfaces at equilibrium, governing the distribution of the adsorbate within the solution and adsorbent matrix. The Langmuir isotherm, represented by eqn (9), emerges as the most fitting model for elucidating monolayer adsorption dynamics, assuming energetically identical adsorption sites on a homogeneous surface and the absence of interspecies interactions. 40 This model is particularly adept at deriving the maximum adsorption capacity from experimental data, as expressed by the equation:…”

“…7 Notably, Congo red (CR), an anionic dye insoluble in acids and bases, poses significant challenges due to its persistence in nature, inhibiting plant and animal growth and impacting the human digestion, blood, and cardiovascular systems. 8,9 Given these environmental challenges, the treatment of industrial wastewater containing such dyes before release into the environment becomes imperative. 10 Various physical and chemical processes, including flocculation, membrane filtration, coagulation, precipitation, ozonation, electrochemical techniques, and fungal decolonization, have been extensively explored for removing dyes from aquatic bodies.…”

“…7 Notably, Congo red (CR), an anionic dye insoluble in acids and bases, poses significant challenges due to its persistence in nature, inhibiting plant and animal growth and impacting the human digestion, blood, and cardiovascular systems. 8,9…”