Adsorption of coliphages T1 and T7 to host and non-host microbes and to clay minerals

Particle-Associated Viruses in Water: Impacts on Disinfection Processes

“…Use as viral indicator Kott et al (1974) Chlorination Stagg et al (1977, Barbeau et al (2004), Coronell and Marinas (2004) Adsorption on particles Stagg et al (1977), Bixby and O'Brien (1979), Atherton and Bell (1983), Sakoda et al (1997), Dowd et al (1998) Moore et al (1975), Babich and Stotzky (1980), Sobsey et al (1980), , Schiffenbauer and Stotky (1982), Lipson and Stotzky (1983), Lipson and Stotzky (1984), Lipson and Stotzky (1985), Ohgaki and Mongkonsiri (1990), Sakoda et al (1997), Meschke and Sobsey (1998), Barbeau et al (2004) Montmorillonite Bitton et al (1972, Bitton and Mitchell (1974), Schaub and Sagik (1975), Babich and Stotzky (1980), Moore et al (1981), Taylor et al (1981), Schiffenbauer and Stotzky (1982), Lipson and Stotzky (1983), Vilker et al (1983), Lipson and Stotzky (1984), Lipson and Stotzky (1985), Dry dog food Moore et al (1975), Schaub and Sagik (1975) Wastewater solids, sludge Moore et al (1975), Gerba et al (1980), Ohgaki and M...…”

Specificity of virus adsorption to clay minerals

“…The apparent suppression by reovirus of the adsorption of coliphage T 1 to M but not to K in estuarine water (Table 2) may have been the results of the following factors. Coliphage T1 appears to adsorb primarily to positively charged edge sites on clay minerals (Schiffenbauer and Stotzky 1982), whereas the reovirus adsorbs to negatively charged sites (Lipson and Stotzky 19836).…”

“…The underlay medium consisted of uninoculated nutrient broth amended with 15 g agar per litre. The plates were inverted, incubated at 37'C, and the plaques were counted after 18 h (Schiffenbauer and Stotzky 1982). Coliphage titers were expressed as plaque-forming units (PFU) per millilitre.…”

“…The quantity of virus particles adsorbed depended on both the type and strain of the virus and the type of adsorbent, and differences in adsorption appeared to be the result primarily of differences in the surface characteristics of the virus and the adsorbents (Bitton 1980;Gerba and Schaiberger 1975;Gerba et al 1980;LaBelle and Gerba 1982;Landry et al 1983;Stotzky 1983b, 1984a;Moore et al 1981;Schaiberger et al 1982;Schaub et al 1974;Stotzky 1982, 1983;Smith et al 1978;Sobsey et al 1980;Stotzky et al 1981;Taylor 1981 ;Taylor et al 1980).…”

“…Previous studies in this laboratory showed that the adsorption of reovirus type 3 was primarily to negatively charged sites on the clay minerals, kaolinite (K) and montmorillonite (M) Stotzky 1983a, 1983b), whereas the adsorption of coliphage T I and T7 was primarily to positively charged sites (Schiffenbauer and Stotzky 1982). The ad-'Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.…”