Adsorption of Cationic Methylene Blue and Anionic Methyl Orange by Crude Drug Starches

Abstract

Crude drugs are used as raw materials for powdered crude drugs or extracts at pharmaceutical factories. In 1988, the amounts of PG, PT, AO and CL consumed in Japan were 954, 670, 247 and 330 tons, respectively, an increase of approximately 3 to 7 fold compared to the year 1978. 1) In 2002, the quantitative imports of PG, PT, AO and CL were 876, 250, 200 and 6972 tons, respectively.2) More consumption of crude drugs is estimated in the field of health foods or cosmetics. After a crude drug is extracted with a solvent, its residue now is reused as a compost or incinerated. The crude drugs PG, PN, PT, AO and CL contain 5.5 12.9% starch by weight.3) However, there has been almost no research on the adsorption of dyes by crude drug starches except for kudzu starch.4) The adsorption properties of crude drug starches were investigated in an attempt to make profitable the use of starch from the extracted residues.The adsorption of dye by starch is important for the coloring of bean jam cakes and starch confectioneries. The isotherm for the adsorption of anionic dyes by cereal starches 5) and that of ferric chloride (cationic) by potato, corn and cassava starches 6) were found to fit the Langmuir equation. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applicable to the isotherm of anionic dye. 4) However, the adaptability of an adsorption equation has been evaluated based on a partial or uniform weighting of the amount adsorbed and residual concentration. 4 6) In the present study, a statistical analysis on the isotherm was performed using Akaike s information criterion (AIC) value 7) to solve this problem.The extent of the adsorption of anionic dyes by starches was related to the ratio of amylopectin to amylose 5) or the amount of phosphorus content. 4) In this study, the factors responsible for the difference in amounts of cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic methyl orange (MO) adsorbed were discussed, and a crude drug starch superior in the capacity to adsorb both cationic and anionic dyes was identified. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials.The crude drug starches (S) of PG, PN, PT, AO and CL and potato starch (S ST) were the same as those used previously.2) The starch was deproteinized by the method of Suzuki et al . 8) and defatted by the method of Schoch.9) The starch was screened with 400 mesh or less and kept in tight containers. Reagent grade MB and MO were obtained from Wako Pure Chemicals, Osaka, Japan. All other reagents were of the highest grade commercially available.Adsorption procedure. About 150 mg of starch was weighed accurately and added to a hermetic glass con-

Characterization of Starches from Tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breitenbach, Rhizome of Alisma orientate Juzepczuk and Seed of Coix lacryma-jobi Linne var. ma-yuen Stapf

“…The digested PT 1(A), AO 2(A) and CL 2(A) starches are expected to be available as an adsorbent, because of their porosity. 3) The types and composition of oligosaccharide produced by α amylase were examined in order to investigate the water soluble products from different kinds of starches (Table 4). The total amount of oligosaccharide from each of the PT 1, AO 2 and CL 2 starches was 594.8, 457.1 and 704.7 µg, respectively.…”

“…The adsorption of water 2) and dyes 3) by crude drug starches of PT, AO and CL has also been investigated. PT, AO and CL starches were superior to potato starch in the capacity to adsorb anionic methyl orange at 25 C. 3) The physicochemical properties of starches from AO cultivated in Japan have been examined. 4) Crude drugs have been utilized as a raw material for extracts and in powdered form.…”

“…PT 1, AO 2 and CL 2 starches were the same samples used in adsorption experiments. 2,3) In this study, they were particularly used in DSC analysis, SEM and determination of oligosaccharide products present after digestion by amylase.…”

Plant toxic and non-toxic nature of organic dyes through adsorption mechanism on cellulose surface

“…Methyl orange adsorption studies are reported on carboxylated diaminoethane sporopollenin [23], raw and acid activated montmorillonite in fixed beds [24], starches [25], calcined layered double hydroxides [26], and crude drug starches [27].…”

Characterization of Starches from Roots of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen

“…The PG 4 and PN 4 starches were the same samples used in adsorption experiments. 2, 3) Measurement of particle size distribution. The particle size distribution was measured with a laser diffraction particle size analyzer, SALD 2100 (Shimadzu Seisakusho, Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan), after dispersing the starch in a 0.01% neutral detergent (Ekiserin, Kao Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) solution.…”