Characterization of Starches from Tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breitenbach, Rhizome of Alisma orientate Juzepczuk and Seed of Coix lacryma-jobi Linne var. ma-yuen Stapf

Abstract

The traditional Chinese herbal remedies Pinellia Tuber, the tuber of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breitenbach (PT), Alisma Rhizome, the rhizome of Alisma orientale Juzepczuk (AO) and Coix Seed, the seed of Coix lacryma jobi Linné var. ma yuen Stapf (CL), have been used as a stomachic, a diuretic and an antifebrile anodyne antiphlogistic agent, respectively. They are the most useful crude drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In 2001 and 2002, quantitative imports of PT, AO and CL totaled 250, 200 and 6972 to 8693 tons, respectively. 1) CL has been consumed abundantly as a raw material for health teas in recent years. The adsorption of water 2) and dyes 3) by crude drug starches of PT, AO and CL has also been investigated. PT, AO and CL starches were superior to potato starch in the capacity to adsorb anionic methyl orange at 25 C. 3) The physicochemical properties of starches from AO cultivated in Japan have been examined. 4) Crude drugs have been utilized as a raw material for extracts and in powdered form. The purpose of this study was to make profitable the use of starch after extraction of the active ingredients of the crude drugs PT, AO and CL, as well as Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG) and Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen (PN). 5) This paper reveals physicochemical properties such as particle size distribution, crystalline structure, gelatinization property, mineral content and digestibility by α amylase or glucoamylase, which are essential to any application. The SEM observation of the starch before and after amylase digestion can provide information on the starch granular structure by enzymatic treatments. The physicochemical characteristics of PT, AO and CL starches were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials.Tubers of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breitenbach (PT), rhizomes of Alisma orientale Juzepczuk (AO) and seeds of Coix lacryma jobi Linné var. ma yuen

Amylose and Amylopectin Unit-chain Distributions of Ginseng, Sanchi Ginseng, Pinellia Tuber, Alisma Rhizome and Coix Seed Starches

“…17) PG starch was classified as CB type 1) being very close to B type and PN, PT, AO and CL starches were all classified as CA type. 1,2) Since the ratios of B type from X ray diffractograms 1,2) ranked in the order PG>PN>PT÷AO>CL, our results agreed with the relation between CLw and crystalline structure reported by Hizukuri.…”

“…III Fr. II, the larger the enthalpy of crude drug starches 1,2) was, as reported by Noda, et al 19) The negative correlation between the ratio of Fr. III Fr.…”

“…I, 6.4 27.2%) 14) of rice starch, and to that (26.8%) 15) of maize starch. No relationship 16) between the amylose content of starches in Table 1 and the average diameter of their starches 1,2) was observed.…”

“…III Fr. II and digestibility of crude drug starches by α amylase 1,2) was observed (r=0.986, p<0.01). It was, therefore, confirmed that gelatinization and digestibility properties of starch are closely related to the molecular structure of amylopectin.…”

“…II) of amylopectin 5,10) but they differed in enthalpy. 1,2,22) The crude drug starches are expected to be available for starch gelatinized at low energy as compared with potato, rice and maize starches. (Table 3) …”