Adsorption of BTEX on Surfactant Modified Granulated Natural Zeolite Nanoparticles: Parameters Optimizing by Applying Taguchi Experimental Design Method

Abstract

In this paper, a novel adsorbent developed by means of granulating of natural zeolite nanoparticles (i.e., clinoptilolite) was evaluated for possible removal of the petroleum monoaromatics (i.e., benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene, BTEX). To do this, the natural zeolite was ground to produce nanosized particulate, then modified by two cationic surfactants and granulated. The effect of various parameters including temperature, initial pH of the solution, total dissolved solids (TDS), and concentration of a competitive substance (i.e., methyl tert-butyl ether, MTBE) were studied and optimized using a Taguchi statistical approach. The results ascertained that initial pH of the solution was the most effective parameter. However, the low pH (acidic) was favorable for BTEX adsorption onto the developed adsorbents. In this study, the experimental parameters were optimized and the best adsorption condition by determination of effective factors was chosen. Based on the S/N ratio, the optimized conditions for BTEX removal were temperature of 408C, initial pH of 3, TDS of 0 mg/L, and MTBE concentration of 100 mg/L. At the optimized conditions, the uptake of each BTEX compounds reached to more than 1.5 mg/g of adsorbents.

Optimization of the Physical and Mechanical Properties of a Spline Surface Fabricated by High-Speed Cold Roll Beating Based on Taguchi Theory

“…The signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) is the parameter that describes the relationship between active ingredients and components. Therefore, the Taguchi method uses this ratio as the evaluation feature of the optimization design and analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of the cold roll-beating spline surface to study the influence degree of the machining parameters on the mechanical surface properties of the cold roll-beating spline [17][18][19]. Because the cold roll-beating hardening process can significantly improve the surface strength of the spline, under external force, plastic deformation occurs when the local spline stress exceeds the yield limit of the material.…”

The Use of Nanoparticles in Soil and Water Remediation Processes

“…Other organic compounds that have been subject to removal experimentation comprise petroleum monoaromatics [67], nitroaromatics and other energetic compounds [68,69] and also dyes [70,71].…”

Evaluation of Toluene Adsorption by Porous Resins: Batch and Continuous Flow Studies

“…Monoaromatic hydrocarbons are present in the wastewaters of the petroleum industry in concentrations that require monitoring, due to their high toxicity and carcinogenic character, thus posing a risk to marine flora and fauna as well as humans if absorbed in large quantities. [1,2] The group formed by the compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene isomers, known as BTEX, has an average concentration in oily wastewater of about 40 mg L À1 , but this can reach near 1000 mg L À1 , depending on the production well. [3][4][5] In recent years, improved treatment methods, such as the use of bioreactors, [6] microfiltration membranes [7,8] and processes involving adsorption, [9,10] have attracted much research attention.…”