“…Nanotechnology can provide many benefits in sustainable agriculture (Chaudhary and Misra, 2017;Kumar et al, 2017;Prasad et al, 2017), including i) control of pests and diseases using nanoformulations that enable the sustained release of pesticides, improving their effectiveness and decreasing the concentrations required to achieve the desired effects; ii) sustained release of fertilizers to increase plant growth while reducing losses in runoff and decreasing water pollution problems such as eutrophication; iii) nanoparticle-mediated transfer of genes or DNA, assisting in the development of species resistant to pests and/or diseases; iv) use of nanomaterials to develop biosensors able to detect signs of diseases and/or predators, as well as identification of lack of nutrients and water; and v) new economically viable methods for the removal of pollutants from the soil and for water treatment (Araújo et al, 2015;Duhan et al, 2017;Fraceto et al, 2016;Iavicoli et al, 2017;Mukhopadhyay, 2014;Nair et al, 2010;Rai and Ingle, 2012;Sekhon, 2014;Torney et al, 2007;Verma, 2017). Although there are various uncertainties regarding the use of nanotechnology and botanical pesticides in agriculture, cordial efforts should be made to convince the policy makers to seriously provide a market for such products by reducing many existing regulatory barriers (Amenta et al, 2015;Chandler et al, 2011;Jain et al, 2016;Sola et al, 2014b).…”