Abstract:Quantification of soil processes, such as adsorption, is needed for predicting the fate of agricultural chemicals in soils. Adsorption is affected by soil properties, which vary with depth. We conducted a laboratory study to determine the influence of soil depth on the adsorption of an organic solute (atrazine) in both allophanic and non-allophanic soils, and an inorganic solute (phosphate) in two non-allophanic soils. Adsorption isotherms of atrazine and phosphate were determined using 14 C-labelled atrazine … Show more
“…It was suggested that the clay content of the soil strongly affected adsorption of E. coli. Clay particles have also been reported as being influential on the adsorption of agricultural contaminants such as, for example, phosphates (Magesan et al 2003). As the ≤2 μm fraction could not be investigated in this study, it may be that a significant proportion of cells were associated with the 1-2 μm clay fraction of Rowden soil and this would explain the deficit between the results in this study and that of Ling et al (2002).…”
This study reports on the attachment preference of a faecally derived bacterium, Escherichia coli, to soil particles of defined size fractions. In a batch sorption experiment using a clay loam soil it was found that 35% of introduced E. coli cells were associated with soil particulates >2 μm diameter. Of this 35%, most of the E. coli (14%) were found to be associated with the size fraction 15-4 μm. This was attributed to the larger number of particles within this size range and its consequently greater surface area available for attachment. When results were normalised with respect to estimates of the surface area available for bacterial cell attachment to each size fraction, it was found that E. coli preferentially attached to those soil particles within the size range 30-16 μm. For soil particles >2 μm, E. coli showed at least 3.9 times more preference to associate with the 30-16 μm than any other fraction. We report that E.coli can associate with different soil particle size fractions in varying proportions and that this is likely to impact on the hydrological transfer of cells through soil and have clear implications for our wider understanding of the attachment dynamics of faecally derived bacteria in soils of different compositions.
“…It was suggested that the clay content of the soil strongly affected adsorption of E. coli. Clay particles have also been reported as being influential on the adsorption of agricultural contaminants such as, for example, phosphates (Magesan et al 2003). As the ≤2 μm fraction could not be investigated in this study, it may be that a significant proportion of cells were associated with the 1-2 μm clay fraction of Rowden soil and this would explain the deficit between the results in this study and that of Ling et al (2002).…”
This study reports on the attachment preference of a faecally derived bacterium, Escherichia coli, to soil particles of defined size fractions. In a batch sorption experiment using a clay loam soil it was found that 35% of introduced E. coli cells were associated with soil particulates >2 μm diameter. Of this 35%, most of the E. coli (14%) were found to be associated with the size fraction 15-4 μm. This was attributed to the larger number of particles within this size range and its consequently greater surface area available for attachment. When results were normalised with respect to estimates of the surface area available for bacterial cell attachment to each size fraction, it was found that E. coli preferentially attached to those soil particles within the size range 30-16 μm. For soil particles >2 μm, E. coli showed at least 3.9 times more preference to associate with the 30-16 μm than any other fraction. We report that E.coli can associate with different soil particle size fractions in varying proportions and that this is likely to impact on the hydrological transfer of cells through soil and have clear implications for our wider understanding of the attachment dynamics of faecally derived bacteria in soils of different compositions.
“…The K f value obtained in our work better agrees with the data for volcanic soils of New Zealand. For example, Baskaran et al [9] reported K f = 3.74 cm 3 /g averaged for 10 volcanic soils; Magesan et al [36] obtained K f values in the range 0.72-8.79 cm 3 /g for six depths studied.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 96%
“…(3) ( Table 2) was slightly underestimated. For volcanic soils of New Zealand, its values vary in the range of 0.89-1.13 [36]. The variation range of this parameter in Andosols is unknown, because no estimated or experimental val ues are available for it in the literature.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…For example, Robin et al [40], who studied the transport of lithium ions, observed dispersion values exceeding those for Br -by 10 times; Hess et al [25] obtained dispersion values for nickel ions double those for bromide ions. These differences were attributed to the kinetic effect of the diffusion related transport or chemically controlled exchange rate [36,38,46,50], the heterogeneous distribution of sorption sites in the soil [21], and the correlation between the spatial vari ation of the sorbing and conducting properties of the soil [55].…”
The transport parameters were determined for the 18 O isotope (in the form of H 2 18 O), the Br -ion, and atrazine in intact columns of allophanic Andosol (Mexico State, Mexico). A one dimensional model for the convective dispersive transport of chemicals with account for the decomposition and equilibrium adsorp tion (HYDRUS 1D), which is widely applied for assessing the risk of the chemical and bacterial contamina tion of natural waters, was used. The model parameters were obtained by solving the inverse problem on the basis of laboratory experiments on the transport of the 18 O isotope, the Br -ion, and atrazine in intact soil columns at a fixed filtration velocity. The hydrodynamic dispersion parameters determined for the 18 O and Br -ions in one column were of the same order of magnitude, and those for atrazine were higher by 3-4 times. The obtained parameters were used to calculate the transport of these substances in another column with dif ferent values of the water content and filtration velocity. The transport process was adequately described only for the 18 O isotope. In the case of the Br -ion, the model significantly underestimated the transport velocity; for atrazine, its peak concentration in the column was overestimated. The column study of the transport of the three chemical compounds showed that transport parameters could not be reliably predicted from the results of a single experiment, even when several compounds were used in this experiment.
“…Although adsorption-desorption of atrazine (Atz) in subsurface sediments is generally low, but, there is sufficient retention to warrant consideration of sorption processes in the assessment of atrazine (Atz) transport in the subsurface environment". Magesan et al [20] suggestted that "atrazine (Atz) adsorption decreased with soil depth and was correlated with percentage clay content, total C, cation exchange capacityand surface area". Ling et al [21] investigated "the influence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the sorption of atrazine (Atz) in ten soils.…”
Burning of surplus sugarcane trash for land clearing is a common practice followed by the farmers. The ashes generated from sugarcane trash burning will results in change in the physico-chemical properties of soils due to their alkaline nature. Ashes, due to presence of unburnt carbon, have exhibited potential to adsorb pesticides; therefore, might affect degradation, leaching and sorption of pesticides. Atrazine (Atz) and fipronil are commonly used pesticides in sugarcane. Due to their extensive application and their potential eco-toxicological effects, the global scientific interest focusing on the research of the environmental fate and behavior of pesticides after their entrance in the environmental matrices is undiminished. A comprehensive review on the effect of sugarcane trash ash on the sorption, degradation and leaching of atrazine (Atz) and fipronil in agricultural soils is so far not available. The objective of this review is thus to systematically summarize the impact of sugarcane trash ash on fate of atrazine (Atz) and fipronil in agricultural soils. Notably, the mechanisms and factors influencing were also extensively elucidated. This review helps better understand the effects of sugarcane trash ash on sorption, leaching, and degradation of atrazine (Atz) and fipronil in agricultural soils.
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