“…where C e is the concentration of the dye solution at the equilibrium (mg/L), Q e is the adsorption capacity at the equilibrium (mg/g), Q m is the maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g), 1/n is the empirical parameter associated with surface heterogeneity, k L is the adsorption constant of the Langmuir model (L/g), and k F is the adsorption constant of the Freundlich model (mg/g (L/g) −1/n ). In general, the Langmuir isotherm model assumes that a monolayer adsorption process can occur on the adsorbent surface without mutual interaction between adsorbed molecules (chemisorption), while the Freundlich isotherm model involves not only adsorption on adsorbents with inhomogeneous surfaces but also adsorption between adsorbed molecules, or the adsorption process occurs in a multilayer (physisorption) [30,31]. This study tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm model, which assumes the adsorption process occurs in a monolayer manner (chemisorption).…”
Mg/Cr-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Cr-LDH) and Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) intercalated metal oxide (Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method which is indicated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. Mg/Cr-LDH intercalated metal oxide increased its surface area from 21.5 to 38.9 m2/g, while the surface area of Mg/Al-LDH from 23.2 to 30.5 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of Mg/Cr-Cu is 64.156 mg/g for methyl orange (MO) and 78.740 mg/g for methyl red (MR), and the adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-Cu is 97.087 mg/g for MO and 108.696 mg/g for MR. Equilibrium time on the adsorption process occurred at 90 minutes with adsorption kinetics followed by pseudo-second-order (PSO). The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm equation. Data of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process in this study occurs spontaneously and endothermically. The regeneration results show that Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu can be used for the 5 cycles regeneration process of MO and MR adsorption process. Interactions that occur between adsorbents and adsorbate include physical interactions, interactions with the involvement of hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions.
“…where C e is the concentration of the dye solution at the equilibrium (mg/L), Q e is the adsorption capacity at the equilibrium (mg/g), Q m is the maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g), 1/n is the empirical parameter associated with surface heterogeneity, k L is the adsorption constant of the Langmuir model (L/g), and k F is the adsorption constant of the Freundlich model (mg/g (L/g) −1/n ). In general, the Langmuir isotherm model assumes that a monolayer adsorption process can occur on the adsorbent surface without mutual interaction between adsorbed molecules (chemisorption), while the Freundlich isotherm model involves not only adsorption on adsorbents with inhomogeneous surfaces but also adsorption between adsorbed molecules, or the adsorption process occurs in a multilayer (physisorption) [30,31]. This study tends to follow the Langmuir isotherm model, which assumes the adsorption process occurs in a monolayer manner (chemisorption).…”
Mg/Cr-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Cr-LDH) and Mg/Al-layered double hydroxide (Mg/Al-LDH) intercalated metal oxide (Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu) were synthesized by the co-precipitation method which is indicated by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis. Mg/Cr-LDH intercalated metal oxide increased its surface area from 21.5 to 38.9 m2/g, while the surface area of Mg/Al-LDH from 23.2 to 30.5 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of Mg/Cr-Cu is 64.156 mg/g for methyl orange (MO) and 78.740 mg/g for methyl red (MR), and the adsorption capacity of Mg/Al-Cu is 97.087 mg/g for MO and 108.696 mg/g for MR. Equilibrium time on the adsorption process occurred at 90 minutes with adsorption kinetics followed by pseudo-second-order (PSO). The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm equation. Data of thermodynamic parameters indicate that the adsorption process in this study occurs spontaneously and endothermically. The regeneration results show that Mg/Cr-Cu and Mg/Al-Cu can be used for the 5 cycles regeneration process of MO and MR adsorption process. Interactions that occur between adsorbents and adsorbate include physical interactions, interactions with the involvement of hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions.
“…13,14 These materials have demonstrated potential applications in different sectors, including adhesives, coatings, food packaging, and wound dressing, among other. 15 Yet, their use at an industrial scale is limited by the high costs of purified tannins and the side-stream contamination of the conventional methods used for their incorporation into polymer matrices.…”
The valorization of tannins from forest by‐products is a major opportunity for the sustainable development of the forestry industry. Herein we report the laccase‐mediated polymerization of tannins obtained from an aqueous pine bark extract. The reaction was conducted under an oxygen atmosphere at 50°C for 60 min and followed by UV–Vis, fluorescence intensity, phenol content, and viscosity measurements. An insoluble polymer was obtained after 45 min, which was attributed to coupling reactions triggered by phenoxyl radicals within the tannins mixture. The polymer showed a marked increase in thermal stability compared with the precursor pine bark extract, with a total mass loss of less than 12% at temperatures up to 500°C, suggesting potential practical applications in flame retardant materials. Additionally, the polymer showed an 85% DPPH activity and a 60% attenuation of singlet oxygen release upon light irradiation, which supports antioxidant and photoprotective properties for the prepared material. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to describe the formation of an insoluble polymer by direct enzymatic reaction of an aqueous tannin extract. In this case, soluble tannins are the sole reactants used to produce a promising versatile material for forest waste valorization.
“…[4] Therefore, the printing and dyeing wastewater needs to be treated to reach the discharge standard before it can be released to the ecological cycle. Currently, physical, [5] chemical, [6] biological, [7] and photocatalytic [8] methods for the treatment of wastewater have been developed. Among these methods, the physical adsorption method is the most mature and widely used.…”
Printing and dyeing wastewater, that is discharged after textile printing and dyeing processing, can cause irreversible damage to the aquatic ecosystem and harm the health of human beings. Till now, completely and readily removing dye molecules from industrial wastewater using a single catalyst rather than the combination of several materials remains a significant challenge. Herein, in situ preparation of carbon nanotube membranes (N‐CNTM and N‐TiO2‐CNTM) are reported that are doped using N with/without TiO2, respectively. These membranes can simultaneously function as an adsorber, a photo‐catalyst, and an electrocatalyst to efficiently remove dye pollutes from industrial waste water. Further researches reveal that the formation of p‐n type heterojunction inside of the N‐CNTM and N‐TiO2‐CNTM, can improve the hole separation and charge storage abilities, resulting in the efficient removal of dyes in the industrial waste water. This work provides a promising approach for the preparation of functionalized carbon nanotubes derived from waste biomass for the treatment of industrial water, reflecting the concept of treating waste with waste.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.