Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting device for arid climates

Kim, Hyunho; Rao, Sameer R.; Kapustin, Eugene A.; Zhao, Lin; Yang, Sungwoo; Yaghi, Omar M.; Wang, Evelyn N.

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-03162-7

Cited by 489 publications

(446 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…As shown in Figure 3a, PGF delivers the rapid moisture sorption with an equilibrium water uptake of 5.20 g g −1 at an RH of 100%, much higher than that of pure rGO and PAAS foam with the value of 0.26 and 1.29 g g −1 , respectively. Compared with previous reports (Table S1, Supporting Information), [13][14][15][16][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] PGF in this study shows an outstanding ability for moisture capture in the full range of humidity, which will largely broaden the applications in diverse environments. The microporous structure of PGF provides effective transport channels and an enlarged contact area for moisture, and oxygen functional groups of PAAS can spontaneously capture water molecules through hydrogen bonding ( Figures S3 and S4, Supporting Information).…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adma201905875mentioning

confidence: 51%

“…

contaminated inevitably by the impurities, such as microorganisms, fine particulate matters (PM), and toxic gases like sulfur oxides (SO x ). [13][14][15][16] However, MOF-801 only worked in a narrow RH range (<20% RH) with low water uptake, and the quality of the oozed water from PNI-PAAm/Alg hydrogel was uncertain for the risk of impurities. For instance, metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) like MOF-801 could harvest 0.25 g g −1 water at a relative humidity (RH) of 20%, and poly(Nisopropyl acrylamide)/sodium alginate (PNIPAAm/Alg) polymer hydrogel demonstrated 0.6 g g −1 water uptake at the RH of 80%, respectively.

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confidence: 99%

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Highly Efficient Clean Water Production from Contaminated Air with a Wide Humidity Range

et al. 2019

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contaminated inevitably by the impurities, such as microorganisms, fine particulate matters (PM), and toxic gases like sulfur oxides (SO x ). [11,12] Recently, miscellaneous hygroscopic materials have been explored for moisture capture. For instance, metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) like MOF-801 could harvest 0.25 g g −1 water at a relative humidity (RH) of 20%, and poly(Nisopropyl acrylamide)/sodium alginate (PNIPAAm/Alg) polymer hydrogel demonstrated 0.6 g g −1 water uptake at the RH of 80%, respectively. [13][14][15][16] However, MOF-801 only worked in a narrow RH range (<20% RH) with low water uptake, and the quality of the oozed water from PNI-PAAm/Alg hydrogel was uncertain for the risk of impurities. As a result, it is still a big challenge for harvesting high-quality clean water free of impurities from the air within a full range of humidity.Herein, we demonstrate a highly efficient clean water production system from a contaminated environment with a wide range of humidity based on a rationally designed sodium polyacrylate (PAAS)/graphene framework (PGF). This porous framework with plentiful oxygen functional groups facilitates the sorption of water vapor in humid air and simultaneously grabs the impurities under van der Waals force (Figure 1). Moreover, a high solar-thermal conversion capability of PGF makes water easily desorbed under sun irradiation. [2,17,18] As a result, such a PGF presents the equilibrium water uptake of 0.14 g g −1 at a low RH of 15%, and a superhigh uptake of 5.20 g g −1 at an RH of 100%, exhibiting the excellent water uptake ability in a wide range of humidity. Under solar irradiation of 1 sun (1 kW m −2 ), the sorbed water can be quickly desorbed into vapor within a few minutes to generate clean water free of impurities. Thus, the PGF meets the requirements of efficient moisture capture, impurities filtration, and clean water production from natural air. For practical application, a lab-made prototype of moisture purification and water harvest (MPWH) system is built to collect over 25 L clean water per kilogram of PGF daily from the atmospheric environment. This PGF offers an efficient platform to capture moisture in ordinary and contaminated air for the production of high-quality clean water.The porous PGF is easily prepared through a convenient freeze-drying method (see details in Materials and Methods, Supporting Information). Typically, PAAS is well dispersed in a graphene oxide (GO) dispersion after ultrasonic treatment (Figure 2a). After the freeze-drying (Figure 2b) and reductionThe huge amount of moisture in the air is an unexplored and overlooked water resource in nature, which can be useful to solve the worldwide water shortage. However, direct water condensation from natural or even hazy air is always inefficient and inevitably contaminated by numerous impurities of dust, toxic gas, and microorganisms. In this regard, a drinkable and clean water harvester from complex contaminated air with a wide humidity range based on porous sodium polyacrylate/graphene framework (PGF...

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Section: Doi: 101002/adma201905875mentioning

confidence: 51%

“…

…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Clean Water Production from Contaminated Air with a Wide Humidity Range

et al. 2019

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“…[14][15] As a result, the fundamental limits of this technique have not been properly clarified, making it hard to evaluate the performance of the experiments [13][14][20][21][22] and to determine whether or not this technology is applicable under various conditions, in particular in relatively arid areas. [5][6] In this paper, building upon the recent developments of the radiative cooling technology, 23-30 we develop a theoretical framework to analyze the dew-harvesting mass flux (̇′′) of a black and a selective emitter in a wide range of parameters including the ambient temperature (Tambient), the relative humidity (RH), and the convection coefficient (h). We point out that the selective emitter surpasses its black counterpart, in particular under high Tambient in relative arid areas, where the needs of the potable water are more demanding but impossible to be met using a black emitter.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fundamental Limits of the Dew-Harvesting Technology

Dong

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2020

Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering

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Dew-harvesting technology radiatively cools a condenser below the dewpoint to achieve condensation of the water vapor from the atmosphere. Due to its passive nature, this technology has attracted a broad interest, in particular in the context of the worldwide drinking-water scarcity. However, the fundamental limit of its performance has not yet been clarified. Moreover, the existing applications have been limited to humid areas. Here, we point out the upper bound of the performance of this technology by carefully considering the spectral directional atmospheric transmittance in a wide range of parameters such as the ambient temperature (Tambient), the relative humidity (RH), and the convection coefficient (h). Moreover, we highlight the potential of a condenser consisting of a selective emitter, which is capable of condensing water vapor under significantly more arid conditions as compared with the use of a blackbody emitter. For example, a near-ideal emitter could achieve a dewharvesting mass flux (̇′′) of 13 gm -2 hr -1 even at Tambient = 20 ℃ with RH = 40%, whereas the black emitter cannot operate. We provide a numerical design of such a selective emitter, consisting of six layers, optimized for dew-harvesting purposes.Sustainable access to fresh water has been recognized as one of the grand challenges for engineering in the 21 st century. 1 Traditional technologies, such as distillation, 2 reverse osmosis, 3 and waste water recycling, 4 are energy-consuming and expensive. It is therefore difficult to widely apply them especially in developing countries where the crisis to access fresh drinking water is the most serious. Recent passive techniques utilizing solar energy, 5-9 on the other hand, are constrained either by the exotic and expensive water absorbing material 5-6 or by the bulky solar concentrating components. [8][9] Dew-harvesting technology utilizes the ultracold outer space to radiatively cool a surface below the dewpoint and condenses the water vapor from the atmosphere. This passive technology holds great potential for fresh water harvesting due to the fact that a significant amount of water vapor is stored in the atmosphere. 10 The theoretical analysis on dew-harvesting has a long history. Following the pioneering work by Lewis on the evaporation of a liquid into a gas, 11 Hofmann developed an analogous mathematical framework to analyze the heat and mass transfer in the process of the dew formation. 12 Since then, several theoretical works [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] have been conducted to quantitatively explore the dewharvesting. However, none of these works takes the spectral atmospheric transmittance into account, and very few of them considers the spectral emissivity of the condenser. [14][15] As a result, the fundamental limits of this technique have not been properly clarified, making it hard to evaluate the performance of the experiments [13][14][20][21][22] and to determine whether or not this technology is applicable under various conditions, in particular in relatively arid areas. [5][...

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“…[202,203] In this device, the water adsorbent layer was fabricated by infiltrating MOF-801 powders into porous copper foam, while the solar absorber side was coated with graphite or pyromark painting to ensure the MOF-801 with high temperature (i.e., 80 °C) to desorb water from. In 2017, Yaghi and Wang and co-workers first demonstrated a porous MOF (MOF-801, [Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (fumarate) 6 ]) exhibited superior ability to capture water from the atmosphere at low humidity levels (as low as 20%) by using low-grade heat from natural sunlight.…”

Section: Photothermal-assisted Water Harvesting From Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Solar‐Driven Photothermal Effect toward the Water–Energy Nexus

et al. 2019

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Producing affordable freshwater has been considered as a great societal challenge, and most conventional desalination technologies are usually accompanied with large energy consumption and thus struggle with the trade‐off between water and energy, i.e., the water–energy nexus. In recent decades, the fast development of state‐of‐the‐art photothermal materials has injected new vitality into the field of freshwater production, which can effectively harness abundant and clean solar energy via the photothermal effect to fulfill the blue dream of low‐energy water purification/harvesting, so as to reconcile the water–energy nexus. Driven by the opportunities offered by photothermal materials, tremendous effort has been made to exploit diverse photothermal‐assisted water purification/harvesting technologies. At this stage, it is imperative and important to review the recent progress and shed light on the future trend in this multidisciplinary field. Here, a brief introduction of the fundamental mechanism and design principle of photothermal materials is presented, and the emerging photothermal applications such as photothermal‐assisted water evaporation, photothermal‐assisted membrane distillation, photothermal‐assisted crude oil cleanup, photothermal‐enhanced photocatalysis, and photothermal‐assisted water harvesting from air are summarized. Finally, the unsolved challenges and future perspectives in this field are emphasized. It is envisioned that this work will help arouse future research efforts to boost the development of solar‐driven low‐energy water purification/harvesting.

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Adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting device for arid climates

Cited by 489 publications

References 22 publications

Highly Efficient Clean Water Production from Contaminated Air with a Wide Humidity Range

Highly Efficient Clean Water Production from Contaminated Air with a Wide Humidity Range

Fundamental Limits of the Dew-Harvesting Technology

Harnessing Solar‐Driven Photothermal Effect toward the Water–Energy Nexus

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