Adrenocortical Hormone Action

Kloet, E. R. de; Veldhuis, H D

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7018-5_3

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 261 publications

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“…As has been noted previously, steroids have different effects on cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption, and brain excitability (6). There is a great number of specific research to understand the secondary effects of these drugs on monoamine levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Risperidone treatment in a steroid-induced psychosis case / Steroid ile tetiklenen bir psikoz olgusunda risperidon tedavisi

Milanlıoğlu¹,

Güleç²

2011

Dusunen Adam

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Risperidone treatment in a steroid-induced psychosis case Steroids have been used effectively for many years to treat a wide variety of both acute and chronic medical conditions. Despite some well-known side effects, the association of psychiatric disorders with the use of these drugs has not been well established and documented. We describe a case of a 46-year-old man with a recent diagnosis of optic neuritis, who has psychotic symptoms which appear to be induced by steroids. Psychiatric symptoms emerged after the first dose of steroid and diagnosis of steroid-induced psychosis was made. After discontinuation of steroid therapy, psychiatric symptoms did not improve. But after four weeks of risperidone treatment, he recovered completely. This case adds to small but progressive body of evidence supporting the incidence of steroid-induced psychiatric symptoms in patients with optic neuritis. We suggest that the prevalence of this phenomenon might be considerably higher than what has been reported in the current literature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Risperidone treatment in a steroid-induced psychosis case / Steroid ile tetiklenen bir psikoz olgusunda risperidon tedavisi

Milanlıoğlu¹,

Güleç²

2011

Dusunen Adam

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“…Underneath the surface a goal box was kept in a fixed position. The holes on the platform surface were numbered near the edge (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Before each trial for each rat the surface of the maze was rotated so that a hole with a randomly chosen number was placed above the goal box.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial learning and the hippocampal corticosterone receptor system of old rats: effect of the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766

Rigter¹,

Veldhuis

Kloet

1984

Brain Research

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Key words: corticosterone receptors --ACTH4_ 9 analogue --hippocampus --spatial learning --aging Old (26 months) and young (6 months) male Wistar rats were treated chronically for 2 weeks with ORG 2766 or with vehicle, delivered via subcutaneously implanted minipumps (0.5/~g peptide/0.5/~l/h). Learning of a spatial task was not impaired in the old animals, except for one measure, i.e. the latency to find the goal box. In neither age group did ORG 2766 influence behavioral performance. The number of corticosterone receptor sites was decreased in the hippocampus of senescent rats, but restored to the level observed in young rats following ORG 2766 treatment. It is concluded that the number of hippocampal corticosterone receptor sites is a sensitive index of brain aging and effectiveness of ORG 2766.ORG 2766 (H-Met(O2)-Glu-His-Phe-D-Lys-Phe-OH) is a behaviorally active ACTH4_ 9 analogue. The peptide increases responsiveness of rats to motivationally relevant stimuli14.20, 31, speeds regeneration of injured peripheral nervesS and enhances mood, when given chronically to elderly persons 31. In rats age-associated changes in hippocampus morphology can be influenced by chronic treatment with ORG 2766. The ACTH4_ 9 analogue delayed the development of astrocyte hypertrophy in the hippocampus of aging rats21,22The hippocampus is involved in spatial orientation 30. Senescent rats have been found to display a deficit in learning the lay-out of a circular platform2,37. Chronic treatment with ORG 2766 restored performance of old female rats to the level of young control animals 37.Thus, the effect of chronic treatment with ORG 2766 is expressed in changes in brain morphology, learning, mood and nerve regeneration. We assume that some, if not all of these expressions of the activity of the peptide have a common denominator, e.g. some trophic effect on neural tissue, which may slow down the process of brain aging. It is of great importance to localize and characterize such an effect of ACTH-related peptides in the brain and to find sensitive indices for its operation.In this study we examined the susceptibility of spatial learning and of hippocampal corticosterone receptors to aging and to ORG 2766 treatment. As a follow-up of a previous study 37, we used male rats of the same strain. The choice of hippocampal corticosterone receptors as a measure for a possible trophic effect of ORG 2766 was based on the following considerations. The corticosterone receptor system has its predominant localization in the hippocampal neurons 13,17,23,24,42,43. In rats the action of corticosterone on extinction of certain learned responses4,23, 26 and on exploration of a novel environment40, at displays the same stringent specificity as the corticosterone binding to the hippocampal corticosterone receptor system 42. Moreover, an age-associated decline in receptor capacity for glucocorticoids has been reported in neurons of rat forebrain 34 and of hippocampus 35. Recent studies have shown, that vasopressin-and ACTH-related peptides are involved in...

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“…but an increase in stage 2 sleep following prednisolone in a study by Gillin et al [1972], Regarding the differences between syn thetic and natural corticosteroids (for example in recep tor affinities [DeKloet and Veldhuis, 1984;McEwen, 1982]), the second experiment was undertaken to evalu ate effects of 100 mg hydrocortisone on human sleep. In a comparison of both studies, attention was paid to the question whether the applied corticosteroids differ in strength and direction of their influences on REM and SWS.…”

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confidence: 99%

Influences of Corticosteroids, Dexamethasone and Hydrocortisone on Sleep in Humans

et al. 1986

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The present two experiments were designed to investigate the effects of a synthetic and of a natural corticosteroid on nocturnal sleep in humans. Both experiments were held double-blind and designed according to a within-subject cross-over comparison. In the first experiment, 1 mg of dexamethasone applied orally prior to sleep (11.00 p.m.) led to a reduction of the percent of time spent in REM and in stage 4 sleep. The amount of stage 2 sleep tended to be increased after dexamethasone. In the second experiment, an infusion of 100 mg hydrocortisone throughout the night also reduced REM, but increased stage 4 sleep. A statistical comparison of both experiments suggested that both steroids not only reduced REM sleep but also tended to enhance intermittent wakefulness. This analysis also confirmed opposite effects on measures of slow-wave sleep of both substances. The results represent a first demonstration of differential effects of synthetic and natural corticosteroids on sleep, which has to be substantiated in further studies directly comparing effects of these steroids.

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Adrenocortical Hormone Action

Cited by 9 publications

References 261 publications

Risperidone treatment in a steroid-induced psychosis case / Steroid ile tetiklenen bir psikoz olgusunda risperidon tedavisi

Risperidone treatment in a steroid-induced psychosis case / Steroid ile tetiklenen bir psikoz olgusunda risperidon tedavisi

Spatial learning and the hippocampal corticosterone receptor system of old rats: effect of the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766

Influences of Corticosteroids, Dexamethasone and Hydrocortisone on Sleep in Humans

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