Cannabis use disorder was responsive to treatment. MDFT exceeded IP in decreasing the prevalence of cannabis dependence. MDFT is applicable in Western European outpatient settings, and may show moderately greater benefits than IP in youth with more severe substance use.
Hypothermia was studied 5 min before, and 30 and 60 min after intraperitoneal administration of ethanol (3 g/kg) in 20 inbred strains of mice. Ethanol was given daily for 8 days, and temperatures were taken on Days 1, 3, 5, and 8. Tolerance was indexed by the reduction in hypothermia over days. There were large strain differences in baseline temperature, the hypothermic effect of ethanol, and in development of tolerance to hypothermia. Some strains of mice (DBA/1J, DBA/2N, MA/MyJ, and PL/J) did not develop tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol. Initial sensitivity to the hypothermic effect of ethanol was significantly genetically correlated with tolerance development, indicating control of these responses by common genes. Ethanol-induced changes in activity and ataxia, as well as blood ethanol concentrations, were also assessed. Although there were significant strain differences in activity reduction, ataxia, blood-ethanol concentrations, and changes in these parameters during the course of chronic treatment, none of these variables could explain the genetic differences in hypothermic sensitivity and tolerance.
Background and aims: To remedy problematic Internet use (PIU) and problematic online gaming (POG) in adolescents, much is expected from efforts by parents to help youths to contain their screen use. Such parental mediation can include (a) refraining from acting, (b) co-viewing or co-gaming with the teen, (c) active mediation, and (d) restrictive mediation. We evaluated if parental mediation practices are linked to PIU and POG in adolescents. Methods: For a systematic literature review, we searched for publications presenting survey data and relating parental mediation practices to levels of PIU and/or POG in adolescents. The review's selection criteria were met by 18 PIU and 9 POG publications, reporting on 81.002 and 12.915 adolescents, respectively. We extracted data on gaming problems, mediation interventions, study design features, and sample characteristics. Results: No type of parental mediation was consistently associated with lower or elevated problematic screen use rates in the adolescents. Refraining from parental mediation tended to aggravate screen use problems, whereas active mediation (talking to the teen) may mitigate such problems in PIU, but less clearly in POG. The link of restrictive mediation with problematic screen use varied from positive to negative, possibly depending on type of restriction. In both PIU and POG, family cohesion was related to lower rates of the problem behavior concerned and family conflict to higher rates. Discussion and conclusions: Parental mediation practices may affect problematic screen use rates for better or worse. However, research of higher quality, including observations of parent-teen interactions, is needed to confirm the trends noted and advance the critical issue of the possible association between PIU, POG, and family interactions.
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