Adrenergic regulation of the innate immune response in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

Detection of immunotoxic effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disrupting compounds using splenic immune cells of the female three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus (L.)

“…Determination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by unstimulated cell depends upon the cell incorporating 2 -7 -dichlorofluorescin diacetate (H 2 DCF-DA, Sigma), which is a stable non-fluorescent molecule which is hydrolyzed to DCFH by cytosolic enzymes. When leucocytes are stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, Sigma), the more specific inductor of respiratory burst (Ambrozova et al, 2011;Chadzinska et al, 2012), H 2 DCF-DA is also hydrolyzed by H 2 O 2 . Finally, the DCFH obtained is oxidised to the fluorescent dichlorofluorescein (DCF) to allow quantification by flow cytometry of unstimulated and stimulated cells.…”

A role for melatonin in maintaining the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance by influencing leukocyte migration and apoptosis in carp

“…Termination of the inflammation and tissue remodeling is primarily supervised by the anti-inflammatory mediators e.g. IL-10 and arginase-2, but interestingly is also regulated by neuroendocrine factors including opioids (Chadzinska et al, 1997(Chadzinska et al, , 2009, catecholamines (Castillo et al, 2009;Chadzinska et al, 2012) and cortisol (Weyts et al, 1998a(Weyts et al, , 1998bCastillo et al, 2009). …”

Elements toward novel therapeutic targeting of the adrenergic system

“…Additionally, a2A-ARs were linked to neuronal differentiation, growth and neurotrophy of the developing brain (Bylund, 1988). Furthermore, a2A-ARs involve Protein kinase A (Chadzinska et al, 2012a) that regulates microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) which mediates dendrite growth of cortical neurons (Song et al, 2004). Also, a2-ARs play an important role in the maturation of dendritic spines within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (Ren et al, 2012).…”