Adrenal Response to Adrenocorticotropin in Holstein Heifers Exposed to a Cool Environment

Gwazdauskas, F.C.; Vinson, W.E.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(79)83503-1

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Prolonged exposure of ruminant livestock to low environmental temperature results in increasing heat production and conservation [33]. A decrease in environmental temperature from thermoneutral to less than 0°C does not alter adrenal responsiveness to ACTH in Holstein heifers [8]. The Japanese Black is less tolerant to a cold environment compared to the Holstein, although the influence on cellular immunity of Japanese Black steers due to cold thermal stressors is only slightly five days and the others served as a control with phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) administration.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Peripheral Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function and Blood Components in Japanese Black Steers Administered ACTH in a Cold Environment.

Ishizaki

Kariya

1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT. An examination of the effects of artificial stress induced by adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) on total and differential leukocyte counts, plasma cortisol levels, metabolic profiles and peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) function was performed on Japanese Black steers kept in a cold environment, with the following regimes; 1) 5°C•ACTH (100 IU/day for 3 days), 2) 0°C•ACTH, 3) 15°C•ACTH and 4) 15°C•PBS. Blood samples were collected before and at 1, 2, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hr prior to the application of the stressor. The plasma cortisol level was found to greatly increase at one hr after the first treatment of ACTH, particularly so in animals exposed to 5°C. Total leukocytes ( 5°C and 0°C experiments, respectively), the monocytes ( 5°C), neutrophils and eosinophils ( 5°C, 0°C and 15°C, respectively) obviously increased just after the first administration, although lymphocyte counts at 5°C were inversely related to those described above. All of these tendencies were augmented by the cold environment except for eosinophils. The chemiluminescent (CL) response of PMN decreased in the ACTH-administered steers at an early stage of post-administration, however, it tended to recover from the lower-than-base value in the cold-affected steers. ACTH administration resulted in higher plasma glucose (Glu) compared to a control, although only steers housed at 5°C evidently showed lower plasma inorganic phosphorus (IP). No abnormal serum acute phase protein, or immunosuppressor, was noted. ACTH thus appears not only to promote physiological reactions but also to temporarily suppress PMN cellular immune function in Japanese Black steers. Although, a cold environment rapidly restored the CL activity to over the pre-administrational value, suggesting that a vital response was activated by crymo-stimuli.-KEY WORDS: ACTH, blood component, cold exposure, Japanese Black steer, polymorphonuclear leukocyte.

show abstract

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Peripheral Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function and Blood Components in Japanese Black Steers Administered ACTH in a Cold Environment.

Ishizaki

Kariya

1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The available literature shows a range of 31.3-131.9 nanograms cortisol per milliliter plasma as peak values 60 minutes after an intravenous injection of 200 IU ACTH. Both extremes were analysed by competitive protein binding assay (1,16,17,18,22,28,29,32). The normal plasma cortisol concentration is reached after 540 minutes (32).…”

Section: Acth and Plasma Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bovine pituitary‐adrenocortical axis and milk yield

Kolk

1990

Veterinary Quarterly

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY. A review is given of the available literature concerning the relationship between the bovine pituitary-adrenocortical axis and milk yield in dairy cattle. A severe drop in milk yield (more than 50%) can be induced by a single or repeated intramuscular injection of at least 200 IU ACTH or by a single intramuscular injection of 14.6 mg dexamethasone. Sixty minutes after an intravenous injection, both 200 IU ACTH and 100 mg cortisol are equivalent to a plasma cortisol concentration of at least 31 ng/ml. Thus the decrease in milk yield after an intramuscular injection of more than 200 IU ACTH can hardly be induced by cortisol only. The fact that bovine plasma hardly binds any dexamethasone, in sharp contrast with bovine mammary epithelial tissue, is a possible explanation of the special part which dexamethasone plays in milk yield.

show abstract

Effects of Climate on Reproduction in Cattle

Gwazdauskas¹

1985

Journal of Dairy Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animal environment is affected by climatic factors that include temperature, humidity, radiation, and wind. Extremes in climate alter energy transfer between the animal and its environment and can affect deleteriously reproduction. Seasonal variation of environment, nutrition, and management alters estrous activity and duration of estrus. Conception rates are reduced under stress of heat and cold. Endocrine functions are altered by climatic extremes. In hyperthermia, adrenal function is reduced, and this may allow the animal to cope with the environment because of the lower calorigenic actions of glucocorticoids. Estrogens are lower during the proestrus to metestrus period of the estrous cycle and during late gestation and appear to manifest their physiological actions through shorter duration of estrus and lower calf birth weights, respectively. Season alters endocrine profiles and influences fertility of males. Spermatogenesis is impaired, and testosterone is lower during early exposure to hyperthermia. Environmental modifications can alleviate stress of heat and cold to some extent. Experimentation using indices of environmental measures is needed to assess interactive effects of environment on reproduction.

show abstract

Adrenal Response to Adrenocorticotropin in Holstein Heifers Exposed to a Cool Environment

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Effects of Peripheral Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function and Blood Components in Japanese Black Steers Administered ACTH in a Cold Environment.

Effects of Peripheral Blood Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Function and Blood Components in Japanese Black Steers Administered ACTH in a Cold Environment.

The bovine pituitary‐adrenocortical axis and milk yield

Effects of Climate on Reproduction in Cattle

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About