Adrenal MRI: Techniques and clinical applications

Multiparametric MRI of solid renal masses: pearls and pitfalls

“…34 At 3 T, because the first OP echo occurs at 1.1 ms, sampling the first echo pair is challenging and requires high receiver bandwidths. 34e36 This technical limitation can be overcome 34 ; however, sampling the first IP and later OP echoes should not be performed because SI drop on the OP images could be due to either intralesional fat or susceptibility (T2*) effects 34,37 (Fig 6).…”

Genitourinary System

“…This corresponds to a frequency shift of 220 Hz at 1.5 T and 440 Hz at 3 T. When lipid and water protons are in the same voxel but opposed (out of phase), there is signal cancellation in that voxel. The exact echo time for in-and opposed-phase CSI is dependent on fi eld strength, with lipid and water protons becoming out of phase with each other once every 2.2 ms or 1.1 ms at 1.5 T and 3 T, respectively (Siegelman 2012 (Siegelman 2012 ) (Fig. 17.3a, b ).…”

“…The diagnosis of adrenal adenoma with CSI can be performed qualitatively by visually inspecting for a drop of single on opposed-phase images or by use of subtraction imaging (Siegelman 2012 ). Quantitative analysis can also be performed by calculating the chemical shift index ([signal intensity of lesion on in phasesignal intensity of lesion on opposed phase/signal intensity of lesion on in phase] × 100 %) or the adrenal-to-spleen chemical shift ratio ([signal intensity of lesion on opposed phase/signal intensity of spleen on opposed phase]/[signal intensity of lesion on in phase/signal intensity of spleen on in phase]), with respective values of >16.5 % and <0.71 being diagnostic of adenoma (Taffel et al 2012 ).…”

How I do it – Inzidentalom der Nebenniere

“…Fettgesättigte T1-Sequenzen können von großem Nutzen sein, da Myelolipome einen hohen makroskopischen Fettanteil aufweisen [46,47]). In den T2w Sequenzen verhalten sich sowohl Adenome als auch Metastasen unspezifisch [47].…”