Adrenal cortical and chromaffin stem cells: Is there a common progeny related to stress adaptation?

Steenblock, Charlotte; Celis, María F. Rubín de; Androutsellis-Theotokis, Andreas; Sue, Mariko; Silva, Luis F. Delgadillo; Eisenhofer, Graeme; Andoniadou, Cynthia L.; Bornstein, Stefan R.

doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.09.011

Cited by 24 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…They become activated only during specific developmental stages or in response to extreme physiological demand. Senescent cells can also be renewed through direct lineage conversion; for example, cells in the ZG can transform into cells of the ZF [37,38] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and electron microscopic study on the effect of immobilization stress on adrenal cortex of adult rats and possible ameliorative role of vitamin E.

Altayeb

Salem

2017

Journal of Medical Histology

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Background: Modern society is full of stress. Immobilization stress is a model used in animals to study its effects. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that protects biological membranes from oxidative stress. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of immobilization stress on the adrenal cortex of rats and the ameliorative effect of vitamin E. Materials and Methods: Forty adult male rats were used in this study and were divided equally into 4 groups. Group I: were divided equally into negative and positive controls. Group II: rats received vitamin E at a dose of 40 I.U/kg by gastric tube for 30 days. Group III: rats subjected to immobilization stress 2 hours /day for 30 days. Group IV: rats subjected to immobilization stress 2 hours /day and received 40 I.U/kg of vitamin E for 30 days. Adrenal sections were histologically prepared and examined. Results: Group II was comparable to group IA. Group III revealed zona glomerulosa (ZG) with loss of normal architecture, zona fasciculata (ZF) with multiple cells containing cytoplasmic vacuolations and darkly stained nuclei. By EM ZG cells appeared with accumulations of lipid droplets and lysosomes, irregular nuclear envelopes and chromatin condensation. ZF cells showed numerous lipid droplets and irregular nuclear envelopes. There were significant increases in the mean area of collagen fibers and mean serum cortisol level. Group IV revealed regression of these changes and increase in the mean count of CD44 +ve cells. Conclusions: Immobilization stress exerted deleterious suprarenal cortical changes and vitamin E had an ameliorative effect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and electron microscopic study on the effect of immobilization stress on adrenal cortex of adult rats and possible ameliorative role of vitamin E.

Altayeb

Salem

2017

Journal of Medical Histology

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“…However, later it was also shown to identify stem/progenitor cells in various tissues, including muscle, umbilical cord blood, testis, odontoblasts, hair follicle sheath, liver, and kidney [ 12 ]. Nestin-positive cells are also present in the human and murine adrenal cortex [ 13 – 15 ]. We have previously shown that Nestin-positive progenitor cells reside in the murine adult adrenal medulla and respond to stress by differentiation [ 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of progenitor markers is associated with the functionality of a bioartificial adrenal cortex

et al. 2018

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Encapsulation of primary bovine adrenocortical cells in alginate is an efficacious model of a bioartificial adrenal cortex. Such a bioartificial adrenal cortex can be used for the restoration of lost adrenal function in vivo as well as for in vitro modeling of the adrenal microenvironment and for investigation of cell–cell interactions in the adrenals. The aim of this work was the optimization of a bioartificial adrenal cortex, that is the generation of a highly productive, self-regenerating, long-term functioning and immune tolerant bioartificial organ. To achieve this, it is necessary that adrenocortical stem and progenitor cells are present in the bioartificial gland, as these undifferentiated cells play important roles in the function of the mature gland. Here, we verified the presence of adrenocortical progenitors in cultures of bovine adrenocortical cells, studied the dynamics of their appearance and growth and determined the optimal time point for cell encapsulation. These procedures increased the functional life span and reduced the immunogenicity of the bioartificial adrenal cortex. This model allows the use of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist triptorelin, the neuropeptide bombesin, and retinoic acid to alter cell number and the release of cortisol over long periods of time.

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“…This marker identifies the neuroendocrine progenitors as clusters of cells migrating through the cortex, as we show by immunohistochemistry of fetal adrenal tissue sections. Recent data suggested the maintenance also in the adult adrenal cortex of nestin-positive precursors that are activated under stress conditions (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human fetal adrenal cells retain age‐related stem‐ and endocrine‐differentiation potential in culture

et al. 2018

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The adrenal gland is a multiendocrine organ with a steroidogenic mesenchymal cortex and an inner catecholamine‐producing medulla of neuroendocrine origin. After embryonic development, this plastic organ undergoes a functional postnatal remodeling. Elucidating these complex processes is pivotal for understanding the early bases of functional endocrine disorders and tumors affecting the mature gland. We developed an in vitro human adrenal cell model derived from fetal adrenal specimens at different gestational ages, consisting of neuroendocrine and cortical components and expressing the zona and functional markers of the original fetal organ. These cortical and neuroendocrine progenitor cells retain in vitro an intrinsic gestational‐age–related differentiation and functional program. In vitro these cells spontaneously form 3‐dimensional structure organoids with a structure similar to the fetal gland. The organoids show morphofunctional features and adrenal steroidogenic factor, steroid acute regulatory, cytochrome‐P450‐17A1, dosage‐sensitive, sex‐reversal, adrenal hypoplasia–critical region on chromosome X protein, NOTCH1, and nephroblastoma overexpressed/cysteine‐rich protein 61/connective tissue growth factor/nephroblastoma overexpressed gene‐3; stem (BMI1, nestin); and chromaffin (chromogranin A, tyrosine hydroxylase) markers similar to those of the populations of origin. This in vitro human adrenal system represents a unique but preliminar model for investigating the pathophysiological processes underlying physiologic adrenal remodeling and pathologic alterations involved in organ hypo‐ and hyperplasia and cancer.—Poli, G., Sarchielli, E., Guasti, D., Benvenuti, S., Ballerini, L., Mazzanti, B., Armignacco, R., Cantini, G., Lulli, M., Chortis, V., Arlt, W., Romagnoli, P., Vannelli, G. B., Mannelli, M., Luconi, M. Human fetal adrenal cells retain age‐related stem‐and endocrine‐differentiation potential in culture. FASEB J. 33, 2263–2277 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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Adrenal cortical and chromaffin stem cells: Is there a common progeny related to stress adaptation?

Cited by 24 publications

References 86 publications

Light and electron microscopic study on the effect of immobilization stress on adrenal cortex of adult rats and possible ameliorative role of vitamin E.

Light and electron microscopic study on the effect of immobilization stress on adrenal cortex of adult rats and possible ameliorative role of vitamin E.

Expression of progenitor markers is associated with the functionality of a bioartificial adrenal cortex

Human fetal adrenal cells retain age‐related stem‐ and endocrine‐differentiation potential in culture

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