Adolescent Nonmedical Use of Prescription Pain Relievers, Stimulants, and Depressants, and Suicide Risk

Zullig, Keith J.; Divin, Amanda L.; Weiler, Robert M.; Haddox, J. David; Pealer, Lisa N.

doi:10.3109/10826084.2015.1027931

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Furthermore, these models controlled for a variety of sociodemographic, substance use, physical health and mental health correlates of suicidal ideation, suggesting that the link between suicidal ideation and benzodiazepine and/or opioid misuse is robust. These findings are also consistent with past work on opioid misuse in adolescents 17-19 and adults 20-22 and add to the literature by both highlighting benzodiazepine misuse and establishing these relationships in older adults.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Correlate selection drew mainly from past work on older adult suicidality, 3,4,35,36 with additional attention to research that examined suicidal ideation and PDM. 17,19,20,22 Correlates were grouped into sociodemographic, physical health, mental health, substance use and prescription use/misuse variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One unexamined potential correlate of older adult suicidal ideation is prescription drug misuse (PDM), which describes use of another person's medication or use of one's own medication in ways not intended by the prescribing clinician. In adolescents, both cross‐sectional and longitudinal evidence link opioid and benzodiazepine PDM with suicidal ideation. Work across the US adult population also supports a link between opioid PDM and suicidal ideation .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prescription opioid and benzodiazepine misuse is associated with suicidal ideation in older adults

Schepis

Simoni

McCabe

2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Objectives: Suicide in older adults is a major public health issue. Past research across the US adult population has linked prescription medication misuse with suicidal ideation. No work has evaluated associations between prescription opioid or benzodiazepine misuse and suicidal ideation in older adults, and this work aimed to address that gap. Methods/Design: Data were from adults 50 years and older participating in the 2015-16 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (n = 17,608). Design-based logistic regression evaluated links between any past-year prescription opioid or benzodiazepine use without misuse or prescription misuse and past-year suicidal ideation, after controlling for sociodemographic, physical health, mental health and substance use correlates associated with suicidal ideation. Results: After controlling for all correlates, past-year use without misuse of prescription opioids or benzodiazepines were not associated with past-year suicidal ideation in older adults. In contrast, past-year opioid misuse (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.07-3.19) and benzodiazepine misuse (AOR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.01-3.94) were significantly associated with past-year suicidal ideation, even after controlling for all covariates. While 2.2% of US older adults not engaged in either opioid or benzodiazepine misuse reported past-year suicidal ideation, 25.4% of those who misused both medication classes endorsed such suicidality (AOR = 4.73, 95% CI = 2.07-10.79). Conclusions: Both past-year prescription opioid and benzodiazepine misuse are associated with past-year suicidal ideation in US older adults. Clinicians encountering older adult patients at-risk for or engaged in prescription medication misuse also should screen for suicidality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prescription opioid and benzodiazepine misuse is associated with suicidal ideation in older adults

Schepis

Simoni

McCabe

2018

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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“…Understanding how use of these medications relates to misuse is important because stimulant misuse is common, with 0.5 million youth and 4.8 million adults (including 2.5 million young adults aged 18-25) reporting misuse in 2015 (1) and because adverse effects from stimulant use are not uncommon and can include loss of appetite, anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, insomnia, increased heart rate, and death (2–3). While much attention has focused on misuse of stimulants by youth (4–5) and young adults (6–8), less work has focused on the overall adult population (9–11). Yet, total prescription stimulant sales for adults have surpassed those for youth (12–13), suggesting the need to examine misuse among U.S. adult population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Prescription Stimulant Use, Misuse, Use Disorders, and Motivations for Misuse Among Adults in the United States

Compton

Han

Blanco

et al. 2018

AJP

143

123

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Approximately 16.0 million U.S. adults used prescription stimulants in the preceding year (annual average), 5.0 million misused prescription stimulants, and 0.4 million had use disorders. Cognitive enhancement was the most commonly reported reason for misusing prescription stimulants. Patients who are using their medication for cognitive enhancement or diverting their medication to others present a high risk.

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“…Pharmacoepidemiological studies carried out in university populations have shown that the use of medication, with or without medical prescription (5,8,9), is not only increasing but also linked to alcohol risky consumption (RC)-understood as that pattern of alcohol use that increases the risk of negative consequences-, heavy episodic drinking (HED)-an alcohol consumption pattern that reaches 0.08 g/dL blood alcohol concentration-, and other drug misuse, as tobacco and cannabis. It is also related with suicidal ideation and suicidal attempts, according to different studies (10)(11)(12). In this line, Carrà et al found a higher probability of non-medical use of prescription pain relievers among respondents who had reported a major depressive episode the previous year, both among minors and adults (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Use of Non-Prescribed Prescription Drugs and Substance Use Among College Students: A 9-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study

et al. 2020

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The use of non-prescribed prescription drugs (NPPD) is common in post-modern societies and a significant proportion of youth consume NPPD concomitantly to other drugs. We studied the prevalence of this consumption among university students in Spain, and its relationship to different patterns of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use. A cohort study among university students (n=1,380) (2005-2015) was carried out. Students completed self-administered questionnaires at initial (n=1,363, 98.7%), at 2 years (n=875, 75%) and 9 years of follow-up (n=415, 30.5%). Consumption of medicines (last 15 days), risky alcohol consumption (RC), heavy episodic drinking (HED), and tobacco and cannabis use were measured. Multilevel logistic regressions for repeated measures were generated using consumption of medicines with or without medical prescription as dependent variables. Prevalence of RC, HED, tobacco and cannabis had significant reductions during the follow-up. The use of NPPD increased over time, from 35.5% and 33.3% at 18 and 22 years old, respectively, to 49.6% at 27 years old. The highest rates were found among cannabis, tobacco, RC and HED users. For females, cannabis and RC constitute signitifant risk factors for use of NPPD. Conversely, for males, tobacco and cannabis were risk factors for such use of medicines. Later onset of alcohol consumption constitutes a protective factor for females. Our results reveal high prevalence of NPDD among university students. Those who consume NPPD are-at the same time-more likely to be alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis users than those who take medication under prescription. Preventive strategies should be reinforced and focused on this target population to decrease these high levels of poly-consumption.

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Adolescent Nonmedical Use of Prescription Pain Relievers, Stimulants, and Depressants, and Suicide Risk

Abstract: Results suggest that some adolescents may be inappropriately self-medicating psychological distress with prescription medications or NMUPD may promote suicide risk, especially for males and females who use depressants and females who use stimulants.

Cited by 29 publications

References 52 publications

Prescription opioid and benzodiazepine misuse is associated with suicidal ideation in older adults

Prescription opioid and benzodiazepine misuse is associated with suicidal ideation in older adults

Prevalence and Correlates of Prescription Stimulant Use, Misuse, Use Disorders, and Motivations for Misuse Among Adults in the United States

The Use of Non-Prescribed Prescription Drugs and Substance Use Among College Students: A 9-Year Follow-Up Cohort Study

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