Adolescent gaming and social media usage before and during the                     COVID-19 pandemic

Paschke, Kerstin; Austermann, Maria Isabella; Simon-Kutscher, Kathrin; Thomasius, Rainer

doi:10.1024/0939-5911/a000694

Cited by 97 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In comparison to the cited studies, our data were acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic. A recent longitudinal study described a significant increase in the proportion of daily SM users and time spent with SM per day in German adolescents from before to during the pandemic (82). Accordingly, irrespective of the usage pattern, the majority of adolescents (75%) used SM daily during the pandemic (compared to 66% before the pandemic).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICD-11-Based Assessment of Social Media Use Disorder in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents

2021

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Background: A problematic social media use (PSMU) in adolescents is a rising phenomenon often associated with higher perception of psychological stress and comorbid psychiatric disorders like depression. Since the ICD-11 introduced the very first internet-use related disorders, criteria for gaming (and online gambling) disorder can now be transferred to assess social media use disorder (SMUD). Therefore, the development and validation of a self-rating screening instrument for SMUD is of value to researchers and clinicians.Method: The previously validated ICD-11-based Gaming Disorder Scale for Adolescents (GADIS-A) was adapted to measure SMUD (Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents, SOMEDIS-A). A representative sample of 931 adolescents aged 10 to 17 years and a respective parent participated in an online study. Item structure was evaluated by factorial analyses. Validated DSM-5-based instruments to assess PSMU by self- and parental ratings (SMDS, SMDS-P), adolescent depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), and stress perception (PSS-10) as well as single items on time spent with social media (SM, frequency and duration) were applied to assess criterion validity. Discrimination between pathological and non-pathological users was examined based on ROC analyses retrieved cut-off values and the results of a latent profile analysis.Results: The new scale is best described by two factors reflecting cognitive-behavioral symptoms and associated negative consequences. The internal consistency was good to excellent. The SOMEDIS-A-sum score was positively correlated with PSMU, depression, and stress scores as well as the time spent with SM in a moderately to highly significant manner. Thus, good to excellent criterion validity is suggested.Conclusions: SOMEDIS-A is the first successfully validated instrument to assess SMUD in adolescents based on the ICD-11 criteria of GD. Thus, it can support early detection in order to prevent symptom aggravation, chronification, and secondary comorbidities. It can contribute to the development of a standardized conceptualization and its two-factorial structure offers promising new insights into the evaluation of SM usage patterns. Further examination including clinical validation is desirable.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ICD-11-Based Assessment of Social Media Use Disorder in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents

2021

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“…COVID-19-related distress impacted young people directly or indirectly in several ways, through disruption of individuals’ activities, the enforcement of restrictions, the closing of schools, the challenges of online learning, health problems, and lack of face-to-face social or physical activity and play [ 159 ]. This prolonged period of isolation and restriction of real life interactions led to an increased reliance on screen time [ 160 ] and recreational online activities, such as gaming and social media use to maintain social connections [ 161 ] or for escapism [ 162 ], posing risks for more vulnerable young people [ 163 ]. Therefore, implications for prevention and intervention initiatives are particularly relevant for at risk individuals but also for maintaining balanced levels of screen time which influence sedentariness, overeating and impaired sleep [ 164 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Recommendations for Preventing Problematic Internet Use in Schools: A Qualitative Study of Parental Perspectives

Throuvala

Griffiths

Rennoldson

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Parenting in the digital age has been characterized as one of the most challenging tasks of the modern era. Parents are ambivalent about their mediating role. However, problematic aspects of adolescent online use have not been adequately addressed in education. The present study investigated parental perceptions of intervention needs within schools to prevent excessive/problematic use, enhance parent–child communication, and reduce family conflicts. Nine interviews with parents of adolescents residing in the UK were carried out and analyzed utilizing thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged as parental proposals: (i) schools as digital education providers and prevention hubs, (ii) provision of mental health literacy to raise awareness, resolve ambiguity regarding impacts and mitigate excessive use and impacts, and (iii) psychoeducation and upskilling. The third theme related to impacts from time spent on screens (time displacement), content-related impacts, and context-related impacts. The present study offers recommendations for media literacy during adolescence beyond e-safety (i.e., addressing interpersonal communication problems, privacy vs. disclosure issues), based on parents’ views, and provides new insights for media and emotional health literacy collaboration efforts. Future work should investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of such interventions to support the emotional health of young people and prevent problematic internet use escalation.

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“…With the growing popularity of social media (SM) in our society, the number of adolescents using them regularly has significantly increased, especially during the current COVID-19 pandemic [1]. In addition to their advantage of connecting people, SM services also entail an addictive potential due to psychological mechanisms built in by developers to achieve strong user loyalty and high usage times [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given the prevalence of PSMU, the rising SM usage times, and the limitations of self-rating scales, a validated screening instrument to extend the assessment of PSMU in children and adolescents by parental ratings is urgently needed but, to the best of our knowledge, not available at this point. Therefore, the present study aimed (1) to adapt the SMDS as a parental version; (2) to investigate the psychometric properties of the new scale; (3) to validate it in a representative sample of parents and their 10-to 17-year-old frequently SM-using children; and (4) to determine the accordance between parental and adolescent ratings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents by Parental Ratings: Development and Validation of the Social Media Disorder Scale for Parents (SMDS-P)

Austermann

Thomasius

Paschke

2021

JCM

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Background: The problematic use of social media (SM) is a rising phenomenon, especially in adolescents. It can be assessed by self-rating screeners such as the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMDS). However, young age or symptom denial might reduce adolescent assessment accuracy. Therefore, the development and validation of a parental scale (SMDS-P) is desirable. Method: A representative sample of 961 parents and corresponding frequently SM-using children aged 10 to 17 years participated in an online study. Factorial analyses were performed to determine item structure. Adolescents’ SMDS self-reports, SM usage time, emotional dysregulation, and academic performance were used to assess validity. The SMDS-P cut-off value was calculated by ROC-analysis. Results: A one-factorial structure of the SMDS-P could be confirmed. The internal consistency was good (Cronbach’s α = 0.85, McDonald’s ω = 0.88) and the accordance between parental and self-ratings moderate (kappa = 0.51). SMDS-P was positively associated with adolescents’ self-ratings (r = 0.68), SM usage time (r = 0.26) and frequency (ϱ = 0.16) as well as with emotional dysregulation (r = 0.35) in a highly significant manner. Conclusions: SMDS-P offers a promising new approach to assess problematic SM usage in adolescence. Further studies including clinical validations are required.

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Adolescent gaming and social media usage before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Cited by 97 publications

References 31 publications

ICD-11-Based Assessment of Social Media Use Disorder in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents

ICD-11-Based Assessment of Social Media Use Disorder in Adolescents: Development and Validation of the Social Media Use Disorder Scale for Adolescents

Policy Recommendations for Preventing Problematic Internet Use in Schools: A Qualitative Study of Parental Perspectives

Assessing Problematic Social Media Use in Adolescents by Parental Ratings: Development and Validation of the Social Media Disorder Scale for Parents (SMDS-P)

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