Adolescent ecstasy use and depression: cause and effect, or two outcomes of home environment?

McCann, Mark; Higgins, Kathryn; Perra, Oliver; McCartan, Claire; McLaughlin, Aisling

doi:10.1093/eurpub/cku062

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Our effect estimates are smaller and weaker compared to some studies with larger samples (e.g. McCann, Higgins, Perra, McCartan, & McLaughlin, 2014), but these used cross-sectional designs and non-childhood attachment measures. Without access to rich data on parental and environmental variables, these studies also lack potentially relevant confounders, which our study was able to adjust for.…”

Section: Comparison With Literaturecontrasting

confidence: 94%

Is attachment style in early childhood associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence?

Clery

Rowe²,

Munafò

et al. 2021

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Background Although existing research has suggested an association between insecure attachment styles and mental health difficulties, these studies often have small sample sizes, use cross-sectional designs, and measure attachment as a discrete variable at a single point. It is also unclear whether these associations persist into late adolescence. In this prospective study we aimed to determine whether insecure attachment style in early childhood is associated with depression and self-harm at 18 years. Methods We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children cohort. Mothers completed attachment related questionnaires when their child was 18, 30, and 42 months old. Offspring depression and lifetime self-harm was assessed at 18 years using the Clinical Interview Schedule-Revised. Attachment was derived as a latent variable in a structural equation modelling framework. Logistic regression was performed on participants with complete attachment data (n=7032) to examine the association between attachment style and depression and self-harm, with adjustment for potential confounders. Differential dropout was accounted for using multiple imputation. Results We found some evidence for an association between attachment quality and depression and self-harm. In the fully adjusted imputed model, a one standard deviation increase in insecure attachment was associated with a 13% increase in the odds of depression at age 18 (OR=1.13; 95%CI=1.00 to 1.27) and a 14% increase in the odds of self-harm at age 18 (OR=1.14; 95%CI=1.02 to 1.25). Conclusions Our findings strengthen the evidence suggesting that an insecure attachment style assessed in early childhood is associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence. If this association is causal, policies to support parenting or attachment-based interventions to improve attachment quality could help reduce mental health difficulties in adolescence/young adulthood. Keywords ALSPAC, attachment, depression, self-harm, longitudinal, structural equation modelling Abbreviations ALSPAC: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children; SEM: Structural Equation Modelling

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Section: Comparison With Literaturecontrasting

confidence: 94%

Is attachment style in early childhood associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence?

Clery

Rowe²,

Munafò

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Traumatic events and childhood depression were both correlated with psychedelic use and were both strong predictors of all indicators of mental health problems. It would be preferable to have a data set with data on both exposure to traumatic events and childhood depression, as well as other risk factors, such as history of childhood abuse, and family history of mental illness (McCann et al, 2014; Proal et al, 2014). Note, a study of 52 people hospitalized for first psychotic episode shortly after LSD use found that they had elevated rates of parental psychiatric hospitalization, similar to people with schizophrenia (Vardy and Kay 1983).…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The link between use of psychedelic drugs and mental health problems

et al. 2015

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“…Modelling based on the social network data also found evidence that cross-sectional data can be used to estimate peer effects on cannabis use [ 33 ]. Other recent findings indicate that while ecstasy use during adolescence may be associated with poorer mental health, the association can be explained by the confounding social influence of family dynamics [ 34 ]. The BYDS data have also allowed for the investigation of ecstasy use within a peer/school context.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Belfast Youth Development Study (BYDS): A prospective cohort study of the initiation, persistence and desistance of substance use from adolescence to adulthood in Northern Ireland

et al. 2018

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BackgroundSubstance misuse persists as a major public health issue worldwide with significant costs for society. The development of interventions requires methodologically sound studies to explore substance misuse causes and consequences. This Cohort description paper outlines the design of the Belfast Youth Development (BYDS), one of the largest cohort studies of its kind in the UK. The study was established to address the need for a long-term prospective cohort study to investigate the initiation, persistence and desistance of substance use, alongside life course processes in adolescence and adulthood. The paper provides an overview of BYDS as a longitudinal data source for investigating substance misuse and outlines the study measures, sample retention and characteristics. We also outline how the BYDS data have been used to date and highlight areas ripe for future work by interested researchers.MethodsThe study began in 2000/1 when participants (n = 3,834) were pupils in their first year of post-primary education (age 10/11 years, school year 8) from over 40 schools in Northern Ireland. Children were followed during the school years: Year 9 (in 2002; aged 12; n = 4,343), Year 10 (in 2003; aged 13; n = 4,522), Year 11 (in 2004; aged 14; n = 3,965) and Year 12 (in 2005; aged 15; n = 3,830) and on two more occasions: 2006/07 (aged 16/17; n = 2,335) and 2010/11 (aged 20/21; n = 2,087). Data were collected on substance use, family, schools, neighbourhoods, offending behaviour and mental health. The most novel aspect of the study was the collection of detailed social network data via friendship nominations allowing the investigation of the spread of substance use via friendship networks. In 2004 (school year 11; respondents aged 14), a sub-sample of participants’ parents (n = 1,097) and siblings (n = 211) also completed measures on substance use and family dynamics.ResultsThe most recent wave (in 2010/2011; respondents aged 20/21 years) indicated lifetime use of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis among the cohort was 94, 70 and 45 per cent, respectively. The paper charts the development of drug use behaviour and some of the key results to date are presented. We have also identified a number of key areas ripe for analysis by interested researchers including sexual health and education.ConclusionsWe have established a cohort with detailed data from adolescence to young adulthood, supplemented with parent and sibling reports and peer network data. The dataset, allowing for investigation of trajectories of adolescent substance use, associated factors and subsequent long-term outcomes, constitutes an important resource for longitudinal substance misuse research. A planned further wave as the cohort enter their late twenties and potential to link to administrative data sources, will further enrich the datasets.

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Adolescent ecstasy use and depression: cause and effect, or two outcomes of home environment?

Cited by 10 publications

References 19 publications

Is attachment style in early childhood associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence?

Is attachment style in early childhood associated with mental health difficulties in late adolescence?

The link between use of psychedelic drugs and mental health problems

The Belfast Youth Development Study (BYDS): A prospective cohort study of the initiation, persistence and desistance of substance use from adolescence to adulthood in Northern Ireland

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