The link between use of psychedelic drugs and mental health problems

Nesvåg, Ragnar; Bramness, Jørgen G.; Ystrøm, Eivind; Krebs, Teri Suzanne; Johansen, Pål-Ørjan

doi:10.1177/0269881115596156

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Overadjustment bias can be defined as "control for an intermediate variable (or a descending proxy for an intermediate variable) on a causal path from exposure to outcome" (Schisterman et al, 2009: 488). From this perspective, controlling for lifetime other illicit substance use would represent overadjustment as described by Nesvåg et al (2015) in our analyses if lifetime other illicit substance use were a consequence of lifetime classic psychedelic or Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality Peter S Hendricks 1 , Matthew W Johnson 2 and Roland R Griffiths 2 psilocybin use. Yet, we are unaware of any data indicating that classic psychedelic or psilocybin use is a cause of other illicit substance use.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In a recently published study, Johansen and Krebs (2015) investigated the relationships between psychedelic use and mental health problems. Nesvåg et al (2015) suggest the analyses by Johansen and Krebs (2015) introduced overadjustment bias by controlling for lifetime other illicit substance use. Although overadjustment typically biases results toward the null (Schisterman et al, 2009), this critique also could apply to the prior study showing positive rather than null effects (Hendricks et al, 2015) as well as to the present analyses.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality

2015

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Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality

2015

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“…It would also be interesting to compare the percentage of psychedelic consumers with psychiatric diagnoses who never developed a bad trip to the percentage of consumers who did. This is a controversial debate, which is thoroughly exemplified in Johansen and Krebs's (2015) study and the subsequent replies (Nesvag, Bramness, & Ystrom, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inside bad trips: Exploring extra-pharmacological factors

Oña

2018

Journal of Psychedelic Studies

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Objective: This study aimed to clarify the influence of extra-pharmacological factors in the etiology of bad trips, a common adverse reaction related to the consumption of psychedelic drugs. Methods: A descriptive approach was adopted. The information was collected using a web-based survey. The survey respondents volunteered to participate based on the condition that they had suffered a bad trip in the past. Results: This report reveals some variables that are commonly related to this adverse reaction (i.e., the recreational consumption of drugs, the consumption of drugs in large, open outdoor spaces, or being inexperienced with the drug). In addition, we note that some problems, which may be related to bad trips (i.e., mixing drugs, ignorance about the purity, or the dosage), can be solved through harmreduction strategies. Conclusions: We found certain aspects that could be related to the appearance of a bad trip, but it is not possible to establish a causal connection. We recommend conducting prospective studies with larger samples to collect more information about the role of extra-pharmacological factors.

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“…While the established wisdom is that psychedelics are contraindicated for individuals with a family history of psychosis; studies have suggested that psychedelics are not demonstrated to cause lasting anxiety, depression or psychosis and are associated with reduced negative mental health outcomes (Johnson et al, 2008; Krebs & Johansen, 2013). It could be that some patients currently excluded from psilocybin trials are not at significant risk from psilocybin use although there is no consensus on the issue of psychedelic use and psychosis and further research is warranted (Nesvag, Bramness, & Ystrom, 2015).…”

Section: Patient Applicability Of Mystical‐type Experiences In Psychomentioning

confidence: 99%

Psilocybin occasioned mystical‐type experiences

James

Robertshaw

Hoskins

et al. 2020

Human Psychopharmacology

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Objective Research into psychedelic therapy models has shown promise for the treatment of specific psychiatric conditions. Mystical‐type experiences occasioned by psilocybin have been correlated with therapeutic benefits and long‐term improvements in positive mental outlook and attitudes. This article aims to provide an overview of the topic, highlight strengths and weaknesses in current research, generate novel perspectives and discussion, and consider future avenues for research. Design This narrative review was designed to summarise and assess the state of research on psilocybin occasioned mystical‐type experiences and applications for the treatment of specific psychiatric conditions. Results Contemporary methods on the quantification of mystical‐type experiences and their acute subjective effects are discussed. Recent studies provide some understanding of the pharmacological actions of psychedelics although the neurological similarities and differences between spontaneous and psychedelic mystical‐type experiences are not well described. Applicability to modern clinical settings is assessed. Potential novel therapeutic applications include use in positive psychology interventions in healthy individuals. Conclusions Since 2006 significant advancements in understanding the therapeutic potential of psilocybin‐assisted psychotherapy have been made; however, more work is required to understand the neuromechanistic processes and applicability in modern clinical settings. Despite promising results in recent studies, funding issues for clinical trials, legal concerns and socio‐cultural resistance provide a counterpoint to experimental evidence.

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The link between use of psychedelic drugs and mental health problems

Cited by 18 publications

References 27 publications

Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality

Psilocybin, psychological distress, and suicidality

Inside bad trips: Exploring extra-pharmacological factors

Psilocybin occasioned mystical‐type experiences

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