1977
DOI: 10.2307/974828
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Administrative Corruption

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Cited by 107 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…Systematic corruption, on the other hand, has been defined as 'deviant conduct which is so institutionalized that no individual can be personally faulted organisationally for participation (Blunt and Popoola 1998). It affects the functioning of the whole system (Caiden and Caiden, 1997;341). The issue of systematic corruption has been identified in a study by Price (1995) on the Ghanaian Civil Service.…”
Section: Implementation Constraintsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Systematic corruption, on the other hand, has been defined as 'deviant conduct which is so institutionalized that no individual can be personally faulted organisationally for participation (Blunt and Popoola 1998). It affects the functioning of the whole system (Caiden and Caiden, 1997;341). The issue of systematic corruption has been identified in a study by Price (1995) on the Ghanaian Civil Service.…”
Section: Implementation Constraintsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Closed, totalitarian societies may allow scandals to exist, but only for specific reasons so as to make a political point. Insider accounts of closed societies paint a picture of total corruption where wrongdoing has become the norm, at least from the standpoint and definitions of the Western world (Caiden and Caiden, 1977;Solzhenitsyn, 1962).…”
Section: A Generalized Stage Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The literature often distinguishes main causes of corruption in low-income countries and highincome countries. The low-wage and poor working conditions increase the chance of corruption while in the Western (higher income levels) societies, corruption is seen as an exception rather than a habit (Caiden, 2001). Corruption is a particular illegal state-society relationship (Gbetnkom, 2012), civil servants or bureaucrats hold authoritative positions represent the state and the outsiders who are affected by corruption positively or negatively represent the society (Donwa, Mgbame, & Julius, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%