Administration of Caesalpinia bonduc Seed Extracts Ameliorates Testosterone-Induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) in Male Wistar Rats

Abstract

Introduction Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major chronic disease affecting men, and the therapeutic agents currently used to manage it have significant side effects. As a result, an alternative medicine with improved therapeutic properties with no side effects is desperately needed. The current investigation aims to study whether the Caesalpinia bonduc seed extracts (ethanolic-A, hydroalcoholic-B, and aqueous-C) have inhibitory potential on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH in Wistar rats. Methods Wistar rats (male) were randomly allocated to one of five groups: control, BPH (TP-3 mg/kg, subcutaneously daily), low dose (TP + C. bonduc seed extracts – 200 mg/kg body weight), high dose (TP + C. bonduc seed extracts – 400 mg/kg body weight), and standard drug (TP + finasteride – 10 mg/kg body weight). At the end of drug treatment, the rats were sacrificed and their serum and prostates were taken for biochemical and histological studies. Results C. bonduc seed extracts treatment significantly decreased prostate weight and prostatic index in rats with TP-induced BPH. The seed extracts exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in serum and prostate. In addition, the PSA level in the serum showed a noteworthy decrease in comparison with the BPH group. Histopathological examination also indicated that extracts improved the tissue morphology of the prostate significantly. Out of three extracts tested, ethanolic and hydroalcoholic extract recorded significant effect. Finally, liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/MS-QTOF) analysis showed that the major compounds present in the extracts were tocopherols, fucosterol, linoleic acid, β-amyrin, β-sitosterol, campesterol, cassane furanoditerpene, norcassane furanoditerpene and other diterpenes. Conclusion Thus, C. bonduc seed extracts could be a potential source for the formulation of new drug for managing BPH. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first scientific animal investigation into the use of C. bonduc seed extract for the management of BPH.

A semi purified hydroalcoholic fraction from Caesalpinia bonduc seeds causes ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition in Candida albicans resulting in cell membrane damage

“…The collected seeds were washed with tap water to remove debris and then dried in a hot air oven at 40°C until constant weight. Once fully dried, the seeds were grounded by mechanical milling until a fine powder was obtained ( Sasidharan et al, 2022b ).…”

Ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia bonduc seeds triggers yeast metacaspase-dependent apoptotic pathway mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction through enhanced production of calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Candida albicans

“…The three dried extracts [Ethanolic extract of C. bonduc seeds (EECS), Hydroalcoholic extract of C. bonduc seeds (HECS) & Aqueous extract of C. bonduc seeds (AECS)] thus obtained were stored at 4°C for future studies. ( Sasidharan et al, 2022 ).…”

Evaluating The Analgesic Activity of Leaf, Stem Bark Extract And Isolated Nutraceuticals of <i>Caesalpinia Bonducella L (Roxb.)</i>

“…[15] The shell includes protein and amino acids, with a quantity ranging from 7.430 to 25.346%. Sasidharan et al (2022) have shown that seeds exhibit anti-diabetic characteristics, which are especially significant in the setting of type 2 diabetes. Elevated blood glucose levels define this metabolic disorder due to decreased insulin production or responsiveness.…”

“…Elevated blood glucose levels define this metabolic disorder due to decreased insulin production or responsiveness. [16] In the contemporary pharmaceutical landscape, evaluating leaf and stem bark extracts for their analgesic properties, along with the isolated (Roxb. ), holds immense significance.…”