Adjuvants for swine vaccines: Mechanisms of actions and adjuvant effects

Charerntantanakul, Wasin

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.054

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 228 publications

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“…Adjuvants are key components of vaccine formulations and possess multiple properties able to increase the level (magnitude) of the vaccine-induced immunological response, reduce the number of doses, control the release of the antigen (depot effect) at the site of the injection and, importantly, to modulate the type of induced immunity. The latter effect may have a major impact on the vaccine-induced protection against clinical disease [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This adjuvant, commonly known as alum, has been one of the most extensively used aluminum salts as an adjuvant for swine vaccines so far. It can form a short-term depot and is inexpensive, safe and simple to formulate [ 19 ]. Although it has been used for over 90 years in human and animal vaccines, there are still unknowns about the mechanisms of immune stimulation [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the induction of humoral immunity in vaccinated piglets, bacterin formulations with Emulsigen ® -D (O/W) and Quil-A ® (saponin) failed to provide clinical protection against an S. suis serotype 2 experimental challenge and a biased IgG1 antibody response was observed. Emulsigen ® and Quil-A ® adjuvants have shown strong induction of humoral immunity and protection in vaccines against other major livestock pathogens [19]. A previous study demonstrated that an S. suis serotype 2 bacterin adjuvanted with Emulsigen ® induces protective immunity against homologous challenge.…”

Section: Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Experimental evaluation of protection and immunogenicity of Streptococcus suis bacterin-based vaccines formulated with different commercial adjuvants in weaned piglets

Obradović

Corsaut

Dolbec

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen responsible for economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. There is no effective commercial vaccine against S. suis. The use of autogenous (“bacterin”) vaccines to control S. suis outbreaks is a frequent preventive measure in the field, although scientific data on immunogenicity and reduction in mortality and morbidity are scarce. The goal of our study is to experimentally evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy against homologous challenge in weaned piglets of a S. suis serotype 2 bacterin-based vaccine formulated with six different commercial adjuvants (Alhydrogel®, Emulsigen®-D, Quil-A®, Montanide™ ISA 206 VG, Montanide™ ISA 61 VG, and Montanide™ ISA 201 VG). The vaccine formulated with Montanide™ ISA 61 VG induced a significant increase in anti-S. suis antibodies, including both IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses, protected against mortality and significantly reduced morbidity and severity of clinical signs. Vaccines formulated with Montanide ISA 206 VG or Montanide ISA 201 VG also induced a significant increase in anti-S. suis antibodies and showed partial protection and reduction of clinical signs severity. Vaccines formulated with Alhydrogel®, Emulsigen®-D, or Quil-A® induced a low and IgG1-shifted antibody response and failed to protect vaccinated piglets against a homologous challenge. In conclusion, the type of adjuvant used in the vaccine formulation significantly influenced the immune response and efficacy of the vaccine against a homologous challenge.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Locomotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental evaluation of protection and immunogenicity of Streptococcus suis bacterin-based vaccines formulated with different commercial adjuvants in weaned piglets

Obradović

Corsaut

Dolbec

et al. 2021

Vet Res

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“…Adjuvants could act as carriers of subunit proteins, as inductors by means of inducing danger signals (pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMPs), or as potentiators of immune responses, such as Toll-like receptor molecules [ 40 ]. Depending on the target animal species e.g., poultry [ 41 ], swine [ 42 ], or ruminants [ 43 ], different kinds of molecules have been tested as adjuvants. They include oil in water emulsions (Montanide ® ), aluminum, and other mineral salts [ 44 ].…”

Section: Inactivated and Subunit Vaccines And Adjuvantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosome-Based Vaccines: Pros and Cons in the World of Animal Health

Montaner-Tarbes

Fraile

Montoya

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and new and more complex diseases that affect livestock animal health and food security, the control of epidemics has become a top priority worldwide. Vaccination represents the most important and cost-effective measure to control infectious diseases in animal health, but it represents only 23% of the total global animal health market, highlighting the need to develop new vaccines. A recent strategy in animal health vaccination is the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer nanovesicles produced by almost all living cells, including both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. EVs have been evaluated as a prominent source of viral antigens to elicit specific immune responses and to develop new vaccination platforms as viruses and EVs share biogenesis pathways. Preliminary trials with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection (LCMV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Marek’s disease virus (MDV) have demonstrated that EVs have a role in the activation of cellular and antibody immune responses. Moreover, in parasitic diseases such as Eimeria (chickens) and Plasmodium yoelii (mice) protection has been achieved. Research into EVs is therefore opening an opportunity for new strategies to overcome old problems affecting food security, animal health, and emerging diseases. Here, we review different conventional approaches for vaccine design and compare them with examples of EV-based vaccines that have already been tested in relation to animal health.

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“…Our preliminary experiments also revealed that mineral oil as a Bb vaccine adjuvant resulted in severe side effects in rabbits (data not presented). Aluminum adjuvants are the most commonly used adjuvants in vaccines in the marker, but local reactogenicity and weak stimulation of cell-mediated immunity have been reported frequently [ 15 , 16 ]. For example, visible nodules, intense granulomatous, severe inflammatory response, as well as a loss of muscle fibers were observed in the injection site when the mice were vaccinated with an Alum containing a Sporothrix schenckii vaccine [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Efficacy of the Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccine Combined with a Vegetable Oil Adjuvant and Multi-Omics Analysis of Its Potential Role in the Protective Response of Rabbits

Cui

Huang

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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Infectious respiratory diseases caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb) are seriously endangering the development of the rabbit industry in China. Unfortunately, no licensed vaccines are available for this pathogen. The present study was designed to determine whether the inactivated Bb antigen formulated with vegetable oil adjuvant (named E515) which contains soybean oil, vitamin E, and ginseng saponins, functions as a safe and effective vaccine (E515-Bb) against Bb infection in rabbits. Based on local and systemic reactions, both the E515 adjuvant alone and the E515-Bb vaccine exhibited good safety in rabbits. Immune response analysis implies that rabbits immunized with the E515-Bb vaccine produced significantly higher, earlier, and longer-lasting specific antibody responses and activated Th1/Th2/Th17 cell responses than those immunized with the aluminum hydroxide (Alum)-adjuvanted Bb vaccine (Alum-Bb) or Bb antigen alone. Moreover, the E515-Bb vaccine effectively protected rabbits from Bb infection. Additionally, integrated multi-omics analysis revealed that the immunoprotective effect of the E515-Bb vaccine was achieved through upregulation of the complement and coagulation cascades and cell adhesion molecule (CAM) pathways, and the downregulation of the P53 pathway. Overall, these results indicate that the E515-Bb vaccine is safe, elicits an efficient immune response and provides good protection against Bb infection in rabbits. Thus, the E515-adjuvanted Bb vaccine can be considered a promising candidate vaccine for preventing Bb infection.

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Adjuvants for swine vaccines: Mechanisms of actions and adjuvant effects

Cited by 23 publications

References 228 publications

Experimental evaluation of protection and immunogenicity of Streptococcus suis bacterin-based vaccines formulated with different commercial adjuvants in weaned piglets

Experimental evaluation of protection and immunogenicity of Streptococcus suis bacterin-based vaccines formulated with different commercial adjuvants in weaned piglets

Exosome-Based Vaccines: Pros and Cons in the World of Animal Health

Safety and Efficacy of the Bordetella bronchiseptica Vaccine Combined with a Vegetable Oil Adjuvant and Multi-Omics Analysis of Its Potential Role in the Protective Response of Rabbits

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