Adipose tissue, serum adipokines, and ghrelin in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Toussirot, Éric; Streit, Gérald; Nguyen, Nhu Uyen; Dumoulin, Gilles; Huédé, Gaëlle Le; Saas, Philippe; Wendling, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2007.05.009

Cited by 88 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…79 On the contrary, others showed that AS patients had lower leptin levels compared with controls, even after an adjustment for fat mass. 80 All reported findings question the suggested key role of leptin in inflammation and in regulating bone metabolism in different models of arthritis. …”

Section: Leptin and Autoimmunity M Vadacca Et Al 207mentioning

confidence: 89%

Leptin in immuno-rheumatological diseases

et al. 2011

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Leptin is one of the most important hormones secreted by adipocytes, with a variety of physiological roles related to the control of metabolism and energy homeostasis. Since its discovery in 1994, leptin has attracted increasing interest in the scientific community for its pleiotropic actions. One of these functions is the relationship between nutritional status and immune competence. It structurally resembles proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and IL-12. The cytokine-like structural characteristic of leptin is implicative of its function in regulating immune responses. The role of leptin in regulating immune responses has been assessed in vitro as well as in clinical studies. It has been shown that disease conditions of reduced leptin production are associated with increased infection susceptibility. Conversely, immune-mediated disorders, such as autoimmune diseases, are associated with the increased secretion of leptin and the production of proinflammatory pathogenic cytokines. In this paper, we review the most recent advances of the role of leptin in immune-rheumatological diseases, and we discuss whether strategies aimed at modifying leptin levels could represent innovative and therapeutic tools for autoimmune disorders. Keywords: adipokines; autoimmune diseases; leptin; rheumatic diseases INTRODUCTIONThe existence of a factor secreted by white adipose tissue (WAT), which acts to control feeding, weight and WAT mass, was first proposed by Kennedy 1 and is supported by monogenic mutations resulting in obesity. [2][3][4] WAT is composed of adipocytes filled mainly with triacylglycerol and embedded in loose connective tissue containing adipocyte precursors, fibroblasts, immune and other cells. Obesity, the condition that originally motivated the research on WAT, is characterized by low-grade systemic inflammation. It is thought that excess WAT can contribute to the maintenance of obesity through inflammation-inducing lipotoxicity by secreting factors that stimulate the synthesis of inflammatory agents in other organs and by secreting inflammatory agents itself. 5 The current view of WAT states that it is an active contributor to body homeostasis by sending out and responding to signals that modulate appetite, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, the endocrine and reproductive systems, bone metabolism, inflammation and immunity. 6 Several findings have converged to indicate that adipocytes share certain properties with immune cells, such as complement activation 7 and proinflammatory cytokine production. 8 Fat cell precursors also share features with macrophages. Numerous genes that code for transcription factors, cytokines, inflammatory signaling molecules, and fatty acid transporters are essential for adipocyte biology and are also expressed and functional in macrophages. 9 Adipose tissue secrets a variety of factors: the term 'adipokine' is generally given to any protein that can be synthesized and secreted by adipocytes. Among these factors, only leptin and adiponectin (and possibly resistin, adipsi...

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Section: Leptin and Autoimmunity M Vadacca Et Al 207mentioning

confidence: 89%

Leptin in immuno-rheumatological diseases

et al. 2011

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“…Toussirot et al assessed physical fitness (VO 2max ) in AS patients with a questionnaire and also found no differences between patients and controls (6).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Marcora et al showed that patients with well-established AS had a significant reduction of 12% in lean mass of the arms and legs (4). In contrast, 2 studies by Toussirot et al showed no difference in fat-free mass (FFM) or fat mass (FM) between patients with AS and controls (5,6). Therefore, it remains unclear whether patients with AS are also at risk for "rheumatoid" cachexia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical activity and body composition in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Plasqui

Boonen

Geusens

et al. 2011

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are at risk for accelerated muscle loss and reduced physical activity. Accurate data are needed on body composition and physical activity in this patient group. The purpose of this study was to investigate body composition and objectively assessed physical activity in patients with AS. Methods. Twenty-five AS patients (15 men, mean ؎ SD age 48 ؎ 11 years) were compared with 25 healthy adults matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Body composition was measured using a 3-compartment model based on air-displacement plethysmography to assess body volume and deuterium dilution to assess total body water. The fat-free mass index (FFMI; fat-free mass divided by height squared) and the percent fat mass (%FM) were calculated. Daily physical activity was assessed for 7 days using a triaxial accelerometer and physical fitness with an incremental test until exertion on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were taken to determine C-reactive protein (CRP) level and tumor necrosis factor ␣. Results. Accelerometer output (kilocounts/day) showed the same physical activity level for patients and controls (mean ؎ SD 319 ؎ 105 versus 326 ؎ 66). There was no difference in the FFMI or %FM between the patients and controls. Physical activity was positively related to the FFMI (partial R ‫؍‬ 0.38, P ‫؍‬ 0.01) and inversely related to CRP level (R ‫؍‬ ؊0.39, P < 0.01), independent of group. CRP level was inversely related to the FFMI, but the effect was less strong than with physical activity (partial R ‫؍‬ ؊0.31, P ‫؍‬ 0.03). Conclusion. Daily physical activity may help preserve fat-free mass in patients with AS.

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“…On the contrary, other groups have reported lower circulating leptin levels in male AS patients (61).…”

Section: Adipokines In Rheumatic Diseases and Cardiovascular Complicamentioning

confidence: 81%

“…However, it has been described that serum adiponectin levels are not different between AS patients and healthy controls (61).…”

Section: Adiponectin and Rheumatic Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 95%

Cardiometabolic comorbidities and rheumatic diseases: Focus on the role of fat mass and adipokines

Lago¹,

Gómez²,

Conde³

et al. 2011

Arthritis Care & Research

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Adipose tissue, serum adipokines, and ghrelin in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Cited by 88 publications

References 30 publications

Leptin in immuno-rheumatological diseases

Leptin in immuno-rheumatological diseases

Physical activity and body composition in patients with ankylosing spondylitis

Cardiometabolic comorbidities and rheumatic diseases: Focus on the role of fat mass and adipokines

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