Adipose tissue fibrosis, hypertrophy, and hyperplasia: Correlations with diabetes in human obesity

Abstract

Objective The relationship between adipose tissue fibrosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and preadipocyte hyperplasia in the context of obesity, and the correlation of these tissue-based phenomena with systemic metabolic disease are poorly defined. The goal of this study was to define clarify the relationship between adipose tissue fibrosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, and preadipocyte hyperplasia in human obesity and determine the correlation of these adipose-tissue based phenomena with diabetes. Methods Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from humans with obesity collected during bariatric surgery were studied with QRTPCR, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry for expression of collagens and fibrosis-related proteins, adipocyte size, and preadipocyte frequency. Results were correlated with clinical characteristics including diabetes status. Results Fibrosis was decreased, hypertrophy was increased, and preadipocyte frequency and fibrotic gene expression were decreased in adipose tissues from diabetic subjects compared to non-diabetic subjects. These differences were greater in visceral compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue. Conclusions These data are consistent with the hypothesis that adipose tissue fibrosis in the context of human obesity limits adipocyte hypertrophy and is associated with a reciprocal increase in adipocyte hyperplasia, with beneficial effects on systemic metabolism. These findings suggest adipose tissue fibrosis as a potential target for manipulation of adipocyte metabolism.

Adipocyte hypertrophy-hyperplasia balance contributes to weight loss after bariatric surgery

“…Adipose tissue homeostasis is regulated by the balance between adipocyte hypertrophy and the size of the preadipocyte pool, which may be disrupted in DM. 6 The goal of this study was to determine if adipose tissue phenotypic features associated with remodeling identified before bariatric surgery correlate with post-surgical weight loss. Identification of such predictors would aid in patient selection and identify molecular and cellular targets for research directed toward development of novel weight loss therapies.…”

Optical and structural properties of biological tissues under diabetes mellitus

“…[87], using a fluorescence microscope it was found that the mean cross section of the fat tissue adipocytes extracted from the patients during surgical operation is higher in patients with diabetes mellitus than in those of the control group (Fig. 5).…”

“…The aging of organism is accompanied by structural and functional modifications of macromolecules [70]. The changes that occur in the tissues of the organism under the development of diabetes mellitus are investigated both in laboratory animals using experimental models [9][10][11]17, 39, 40, 42, 45-47, [71][72][73][74][75][76][77] and directly in patients in the course of clinical examination [12,35,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87].…”

“…The J of Biomedical Photonics & Eng 4 (2) 29 Jun 2018 © J-BPE 020201-17 Fig. 5 Histogram, microscopic images, and plots describing the increased size of adipocytes of the visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue of the patients suffering from diabetes mellitus [87].…”

“…The reduction of fibrous tissue formation and the increase of adipocyte hypertrophy was also revealed in patients with diabetes mellitus suffering from obesity. The hypertrophy is a cause of the fat tissue malfunction [87].…”