Adipose tissue extract shows potential for wound healing: in vitro proliferation and migration of cell types contributing to wound healing in the presence of adipose tissue preparation and platelet rich plasma

Abstract

Growth factors are the key elements in wound healing signaling for cell migration, differentiation and proliferation. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), one of the most studied sources of growth factors, has demonstrated to promote wound healing in vitro and in vivo. Adipose tissue is an alternative source of growth factors. Through a simple lipoaspirate method, adipose derived growth factor-rich preparation (adipose tissue extract; ATE) can be obtained. The authors set out to compare the effects of these two growth factor sources in cell proliferation and migration (scratch) assays of keratinocyte, fibroblast, endothelial and adipose derived stem cells. Growth factors involved in wound healing were measured: keratinocyte growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, interleukin 6, platelet-derived growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor alfa, transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor. PRP showed higher growth factor concentrations, except for keratinocyte growth factor, that was present in adipose tissue in greater quantities. This was reflected in vitro, where ATE significantly induced proliferation of keratinocytes at day 6 (p < 0.001), compared to plasma and control. Similarly, ATE-treated fibroblast and adipose stem cell cultures showed accelerated migration in scratch assays. Moreover, both sources showed accelerated keratinocyte migration. Adipose tissue preparation has an inductive effect in wound healing by proliferation and migration of cells involved in wound closure. Adipose tissue preparation appears to offer the distinct advantage of containing the adequate quantities of growth factors that induce cell activation, proliferation and migration, particularly in the early phase of wound healing.

Characterization of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Factor Mixtures for Bone Regeneration

“…As described by Lopéz et al, bFGF, VEGF, epidermal growth factor (EGF), IGF-1, IL-6, PDGF-BB, TGF-ß and TNFα are present at significantly lower concentrations in ATE compared to PRP [19]. Our study confirmed this for bFGF, VEGF, IGFBP-1 and PDGF (Table 2).…”

“…With a comparable incubation time of 24 h, the protein content in our study was about four times higher than reported by Sarkanen et al (4.05 ± 0.08 mg/mL vs. 1.12 ± 0.19 mg/mL). Lopéz et al found an almost 10 times lower mean protein concentration of 0.49 ± 0.16 mg/mL for ATE [19]. The increased protein concentration in our study may be due to an optimized production process with continuous rotation during incubation, fractional filtration and final dialysis.…”

“…This difference might be due to a high variance of the IL-6 concentration in the individual PRPs. According to Lopéz et al, 4/9 samples had very low values, whereas 5/9 had values around 350 pg/mL [19]. Gabrielyan et al reported a VEGF concentration of 1990 pg/mL in human HCM [24].…”

“…Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an abundant source of growth factors that has beneficial effects on angiogenesis and wound and bone healing [19][20][21][22]. Furthermore, it has been shown to improve bone formation within tissue-engineered constructs [21].…”

The use of fat grafting and platelet‐rich plasma for wound healing: A review of the current evidence

“…FGF2 can also stimulate the differentiation of ADSCs to endothelial cells to enhance angiogenesis . FGF is found in increased volumes in PRP and is released rapidly from PRP at high concentrations with maximum levels detected at 1 hour suggesting that it may assist in the early phases of wound healing. One animal study demonstrated a synergistic effect of PDGF and FGF in enhancing angiogenesis and the growth of functional and stable vascular networks in mice .…”