Adipose tissue‐derived stem cells upon decellularized ovine small intestine submucosa for tissue regeneration: An optimization and comparison method

Abstract

The extracellular matrix of different mammalian tissues is commonly used as scaffolds in the field of tissue engineering. One of these tissues, which has frequently been studied due to its structural and biological features, is the small intestine submucosal membrane.These research are mainly done on the porcine small intestine. However, a report has recently been published about a scaffold produced from the submucosal layer of the ovine small intestine. In the present study, ovine small intestine submucosal (OSIS) was decellularized in a modified manner and its histological, morphological, and biomechanical properties were studied. Decellularization was performed in two phases: physical and chemical. In this method, a chloroform-methanol mixture, enzymatic digestion, and a constant dose of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used in the least agitation time and its histological property and biocompatibility were evaluated in the presence of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs); furthermore, ADSCs were isolated with a simple method (modified physical washing non-enzymatic isolation). The results were showed that the use of OSIS could be effective and operative. Mechanical properties, histological structure and shape, and glycosaminoglycan content were preserved. In the SDS-treated group, more than 90% of the native cells of tissue were deleted, and also in this group, no toxicity was observed and cell proliferation was supported, compared to the untreated group. Therefore, our results indicate that ADSCs seeded on OSIS scaffold could be used as a new approach in regenerative medicine as hybrid or hydrogel application.

Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: Recent trends and emerging strategies in tissue engineering

“… Method Mechanism Disadvantages Reference Freeze-thaw cycles Disrupt cell membranes and cause cell lysis by forming intracellular ice crystals Disrupt ECM microstructure by ice crystals. [ 42 , 43 , [72] , [73] , [74] , [75] ] Require subsequent treatments for the removal of cellular contents Immersion and agitation Rupture tissues and cells, and isolate cells from basement membranes Alter ECM architecture. [ 42 , 50 , 65 , 66 , 70 , 72 ] Need optimal standards for mechanical force and exposure time Perfusion Remove cells from ECM and help the removal of cellular components and debris within the organ's natural vasculature Cannot process tissues without innate vasculature.…”

Rabbit thyroid extracellular matrix as a 3D bioscaffold for thyroid bioengineering: a preliminary in vitro study

“…We revealed that agitation frequency at 100 rpm was the optimum condition for the decellularization of the thyroid which was consistent with the agitation frequency in Khosroshahi et al study. [25] Collectively, this protocol not only removes DNA in thyroid gland tissue but also preserve the 3D spatial structure of the native thyroid gland.…”

Using 3D‐bioprinting scaffold loaded with adipose‐derived stem cells to burns wound healing

“…The isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were completely described in other article (Ferdowsi Khosroshahi et al, 2020). The scaffolds were laden with these cells and were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% antibiotic and incubated at 37°C + 5% CO 2 for 2 days.…”